Selected research
Market Analysis & Forecast
Global Digital Fare Meters Market Analysis and Forecast 2026-2032
Market perspective
The global Digital Fare Meters market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
Digital Fare Meters's global sales reached XX (k units) with a value of US$ XX Million, marking an change of XX% compared to the previous year. This performance has positioned Sansui Electronics as the global sales leader, a title it has maintained for several consecutive years. Notably, Sansui Electronics's performance in primary markets is also remarkable. In the Chinese market, sales were XX (k units), a change of XX% from the previous year. In Europe, sales were XX (k units), showing a year-on-year of XX%. In the US, sales were XX (k units), a year-on-year change of XX%.
The major global manufacturers in the Digital Fare Meters market include Sansui Electronics, Pulsar Technologies, Precision Electronic Instruments, Pricol, Super Meter, MIJO AUTO Meter, Superb Meter, Automotive Techno and National Meter, etc. In 2025, the top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
Read the full market overview
In terms of production side, this report researches the Digital Fare Meters production, growth rate, market share by manufacturers and by region (region level and country level), from 2021 to 2026, and forecast to 2032.
In terms of consumption side, this report focuses on the sales of Digital Fare Meters by region (region level and country level), by Company, by Type and by Application. from 2021 to 2026 and forecast to 2032.
This report presents an overview of global market for Digital Fare Meters, capacity, output, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2021 - 2025, estimates for 2026, and projections of CAGR through 2032.
This report researches the key producers of Digital Fare Meters, also provides the consumption of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for Digital Fare Meters, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the Digital Fare Meters sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2021 to 2026. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global Digital Fare Meters market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2021 to 2032. Evaluation and forecast the market size for Digital Fare Meters sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
Digital Fare Meters Segment by Company
Sansui Electronics
Pulsar Technologies
Precision Electronic Instruments
Pricol
Super Meter
MIJO AUTO Meter
Superb Meter
Automotive Techno
National Meter
Maruti Meter
Unique Digital Meters
Srisenthilnathan Meter Works
Ar.Micro Equipment
Digital Fare Meters Segment by Type
Meters With Printers
Meters With Without Printers
Digital Fare Meters Segment by Application
Auto Rickshaw
Taxi
Digital Fare Meters Segment by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Poland
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Türkiye
GCC Countries
Study Objectives
1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Digital Fare Meters market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Digital Fare Meters and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Digital Fare Meters.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Digital Fare Meters production/output of global and key producers (regions/countries). It provides a quantitative analysis of the production, and development potential of each producer in the next six years.
Chapter 4: Sales (consumption), revenue of Digital Fare Meters in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 5: Detailed analysis of Digital Fare Meters manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, Digital Fare Meters sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 9: North America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: China by type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: Asia (Excluding China) by type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: South America, Middle East and Africa by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 14: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 15: The main concluding insights of the report.
More report detail
Tables and figures
Scope & coverage.
Types
- Meters With Printers
- Meters With Without Printers
Applications
- Auto Rickshaw
- Taxi
Companies covered
- Sansui Electronics
- Pulsar Technologies
- Precision Electronic Instruments
- Pricol
- Super Meter
- MIJO AUTO Meter
- Superb Meter
- Automotive Techno
- National Meter
- Maruti Meter
- Unique Digital Meters
- Srisenthilnathan Meter Works
- Ar.Micro Equipment
Inside the report.
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition
- 1.2 Digital Fare Meters Market by Type
- 1.2.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 1.2.2 Meters With Printers
- 1.2.3 Meters With Without Printers
- 1.3 Digital Fare Meters Market by Application
- 1.3.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 1.3.2 Auto Rickshaw
- 1.3.3 Taxi
- 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
- 1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 Digital Fare Meters Market Dynamics
- 2.1 Digital Fare Meters Industry Trends
- 2.2 Digital Fare Meters Industry Drivers
- 2.3 Digital Fare Meters Industry Opportunities and Challenges
- 2.4 Digital Fare Meters Industry Restraints
3 Global Digital Fare Meters Production Overview
- 3.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Production Capacity (2021-2032)
- 3.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 3.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Production by Region
- 3.3.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Production by Region (2021-2026)
- 3.3.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Production by Region (2027-2032)
- 3.3.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Production Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
- 3.4 North America
- 3.5 Europe
- 3.6 China
- 3.7 Japan
- 3.8 South Korea
4 Global Market Growth Prospects
- 4.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 4.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Region
- 4.2.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 4.2.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Region (2021-2026)
- 4.2.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Region (2027-2032)
- 4.2.4 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2021-2032
- 4.4 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Region
- 4.4.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 4.4.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Region (2021-2026)
- 4.4.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Region (2027-2032)
- 4.4.4 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
- 4.5 North America
- 4.6 Europe
- 4.7 China
- 4.8 Asia (Excluding China)
- 4.9 South America, Middle East and Africa
5 Market Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
- 5.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Manufacturers
- 5.1.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 5.1.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 5.1.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
- 5.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Manufacturers
- 5.2.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 5.2.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 5.2.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
- 5.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 5.4 Global Digital Fare Meters Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
- 5.5 Global Digital Fare Meters Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
- 5.6 Global Digital Fare Meters Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
- 5.7 Global Digital Fare Meters Manufacturers Commercialization Time
- 5.8 Market Competitive Analysis
- 5.8.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Market CR5 and HHI
- 5.8.2 2025 Digital Fare Meters Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
6 Digital Fare Meters Market by Type
- 6.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type
- 6.1.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
- 6.1.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
- 6.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type
- 6.2.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032) & (k units)
- 6.2.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
- 6.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Price by Type
7 Digital Fare Meters Market by Application
- 7.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application
- 7.1.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
- 7.1.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Revenue Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
- 7.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application
- 7.2.1 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032) & (k units)
- 7.2.2 Global Digital Fare Meters Sales Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
- 7.3 Global Digital Fare Meters Price by Application
8 Company Profiles
- 8.1 Sansui Electronics
- 8.1.1 Sansui Electronics Company Information
- 8.1.2 Sansui Electronics Business Overview
- 8.1.3 Sansui Electronics Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.1.4 Sansui Electronics Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.1.5 Sansui Electronics Recent Developments
- 8.2 Pulsar Technologies
- 8.2.1 Pulsar Technologies Company Information
- 8.2.2 Pulsar Technologies Business Overview
- 8.2.3 Pulsar Technologies Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.2.4 Pulsar Technologies Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.2.5 Pulsar Technologies Recent Developments
- 8.3 Precision Electronic Instruments
- 8.3.1 Precision Electronic Instruments Company Information
- 8.3.2 Precision Electronic Instruments Business Overview
- 8.3.3 Precision Electronic Instruments Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.3.4 Precision Electronic Instruments Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.3.5 Precision Electronic Instruments Recent Developments
- 8.4 Pricol
- 8.4.1 Pricol Company Information
- 8.4.2 Pricol Business Overview
- 8.4.3 Pricol Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.4.4 Pricol Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.4.5 Pricol Recent Developments
- 8.5 Super Meter
- 8.5.1 Super Meter Company Information
- 8.5.2 Super Meter Business Overview
- 8.5.3 Super Meter Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.5.4 Super Meter Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.5.5 Super Meter Recent Developments
- 8.6 MIJO AUTO Meter
- 8.6.1 MIJO AUTO Meter Company Information
- 8.6.2 MIJO AUTO Meter Business Overview
- 8.6.3 MIJO AUTO Meter Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.6.4 MIJO AUTO Meter Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.6.5 MIJO AUTO Meter Recent Developments
- 8.7 Superb Meter
- 8.7.1 Superb Meter Company Information
- 8.7.2 Superb Meter Business Overview
- 8.7.3 Superb Meter Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.7.4 Superb Meter Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.7.5 Superb Meter Recent Developments
- 8.8 Automotive Techno
- 8.8.1 Automotive Techno Company Information
- 8.8.2 Automotive Techno Business Overview
- 8.8.3 Automotive Techno Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.8.4 Automotive Techno Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.8.5 Automotive Techno Recent Developments
- 8.9 National Meter
- 8.9.1 National Meter Company Information
- 8.9.2 National Meter Business Overview
- 8.9.3 National Meter Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.9.4 National Meter Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.9.5 National Meter Recent Developments
- 8.10 Maruti Meter
- 8.10.1 Maruti Meter Company Information
- 8.10.2 Maruti Meter Business Overview
- 8.10.3 Maruti Meter Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.10.4 Maruti Meter Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.10.5 Maruti Meter Recent Developments
- 8.11 Unique Digital Meters
- 8.11.1 Unique Digital Meters Company Information
- 8.11.2 Unique Digital Meters Business Overview
- 8.11.3 Unique Digital Meters Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.11.4 Unique Digital Meters Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.11.5 Unique Digital Meters Recent Developments
- 8.12 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works
- 8.12.1 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works Company Information
- 8.12.2 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works Business Overview
- 8.12.3 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.12.4 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.12.5 Srisenthilnathan Meter Works Recent Developments
- 8.13 Ar.Micro Equipment
- 8.13.1 Ar.Micro Equipment Company Information
- 8.13.2 Ar.Micro Equipment Business Overview
- 8.13.3 Ar.Micro Equipment Digital Fare Meters Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 8.13.4 Ar.Micro Equipment Digital Fare Meters Product Portfolio
- 8.13.5 Ar.Micro Equipment Recent Developments
9 North America
- 9.1 North America Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type
- 9.1.1 North America Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.1.2 North America Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.1.3 North America Digital Fare Meters Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.2 North America Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application
- 9.2.1 North America Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.2.2 North America Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.2.3 North America Digital Fare Meters Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.3 North America Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Country
- 9.3.1 North America Digital Fare Meters Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 9.3.2 North America Digital Fare Meters Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 9.3.3 North America Digital Fare Meters Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 9.3.4 United States
- 9.3.5 Canada
- 9.3.6 Mexico
10 Europe
- 10.1 Europe Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type
- 10.1.1 Europe Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.1.2 Europe Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.1.3 Europe Digital Fare Meters Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.2 Europe Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application
- 10.2.1 Europe Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.2.2 Europe Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.2.3 Europe Digital Fare Meters Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.3 Europe Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Country
- 10.3.1 Europe Digital Fare Meters Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 10.3.2 Europe Digital Fare Meters Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 10.3.3 Europe Digital Fare Meters Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 10.3.4 Germany
- 10.3.5 France
- 10.3.6 U.K.
- 10.3.7 Italy
- 10.3.8 Russia
- 10.3.9 Spain
- 10.3.10 Netherlands
- 10.3.11 Switzerland
- 10.3.12 Sweden
11 China
- 11.1 China Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type
- 11.1.1 China Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.1.2 China Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.1.3 China Digital Fare Meters Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.2 China Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application
- 11.2.1 China Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.2.2 China Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.2.3 China Digital Fare Meters Price by Application (2021-2032)
12 Asia (Excluding China)
- 12.1 Asia Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type
- 12.1.1 Asia Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.1.2 Asia Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.1.3 Asia Digital Fare Meters Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.2 Asia Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application
- 12.2.1 Asia Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.2.2 Asia Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.2.3 Asia Digital Fare Meters Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.3 Asia Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Country
- 12.3.1 Asia Digital Fare Meters Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 12.3.2 Asia Digital Fare Meters Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 12.3.3 Asia Digital Fare Meters Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 12.3.4 Japan
- 12.3.5 South Korea
- 12.3.6 India
- 12.3.7 Australia
- 12.3.8 Taiwan
- 12.3.9 Southeast Asia
13 South America, Middle East and Africa
- 13.1 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Type
- 13.1.1 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 13.1.2 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 13.1.3 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 13.2 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Application
- 13.2.1 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 13.2.2 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 13.2.3 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 13.3 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Market Size by Country
- 13.3.1 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 13.3.2 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 13.3.3 SAMEA Digital Fare Meters Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 13.3.4 Brazil
- 13.3.5 Argentina
- 13.3.6 Chile
- 13.3.7 Colombia
- 13.3.8 Peru
- 13.3.9 Saudi Arabia
- 13.3.10 Israel
- 13.3.11 UAE
- 13.3.12 Turkey
- 13.3.13 Iran
- 13.3.14 Egypt
14 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
- 14.1 Digital Fare Meters Value Chain Analysis
- 14.1.1 Digital Fare Meters Key Raw Materials
- 14.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 14.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
- 14.1.4 Digital Fare Meters Production Mode & Process
- 14.2 Digital Fare Meters Sales Channels Analysis
- 14.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
- 14.2.2 Digital Fare Meters Distributors
- 14.2.3 Digital Fare Meters Customers
15 Concluding Insights
16 Appendix
- 16.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
- 16.2 Research Methodology
- 16.3 Research Process
- 16.4 Authors List of This Report
- 16.5 Data Source
- 16.5.1 Secondary Sources
- 16.5.2 Primary Sources
- 16.6 Disclaimer
GET THE RESEARCH
Choose your license.
Choose who needs access.
All options are for this report and research series.
PDF by email within 3–5 working days after payment confirmation.
Talk to an analyst