APO Research

APO RESEARCH · REPORT

Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS)

Selected research

Industry Growth & Trends

Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Growth and Trends Forecast to 2032

Market perspective

The global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market was valued at US$ million in 2026 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2032, implying a CAGR of xx% over 2026-2032.

The North America market for Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, corresponding to a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.

The Europe market for Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, registering a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.

Read the full market overview

The Asia Pacific market for Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.

Leading global manufacturers of Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) include JTEKT CORPORATION, ZF Friedrichshafen AG, FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS and DECO Automotive, among others. In 2025, the top three vendors together accounted for approximately % of global revenue.

Report Scope

This report provides a structured, data-driven view of the global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market, combining harmonized quantitative metrics with targeted qualitative insight to support business and growth strategy, market positioning, and capital allocation.

The Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market size, estimates, and forecasts are presented in terms of sales volume (k units) and revenue (US$ million), with 2025 as the base year and historical and forecast data for 2021-2032. The report segments the global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market by Type, Application, region/country, and company, provides regional market sizes at the segment level, profiles the competitive landscape and key players and their market ranks, and reviews technology trends and new product developments relevant to Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS).

Key Companies & Market Share Insights

This section analyzes the strategies and performance of leading manufacturers in the global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market, including portfolio focus, innovation and product development, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and geographic expansion used to sustain or enhance competitive positions. It also summarizes recent corporate developments and key financial indicators and provides global revenue, price, and sales volume data by manufacturer for 2020-2025, enabling benchmarking of scale, pricing, and market share and supporting assessment of market concentration through indicators such as CR5 and CR10.

Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market by Company

JTEKT CORPORATION

ZF Friedrichshafen AG

FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS

DECO Automotive

Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Segment by Type

Basic Type

Intelligent Type

Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Segment by Application

Passenger Cars

Commercial Vehicles

Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Segment by Region

North America

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

U.K.

Italy

Russia

Spain

Netherlands

Switzerland

Sweden

Poland

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Australia

Taiwan

Southeast Asia

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Chile

Middle East & Africa

Egypt

South Africa

Israel

Türkiye

GCC Countries

Key Drivers & Barriers

High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.

Reasons to Buy This Report

1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.

2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.

4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.

5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.

6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS).

7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.

Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 4: Sales, revenue of Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.

Chapter 5: Introduces market segments by application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.

Chapter 6: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.

Chapter 12: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics.

Chapter 13: Concluding Insights of the report.

More report detail

Tables and figures
List of Tables Table 1. Major Company of Basic Type Table 2. Major Company of Intelligent Type Table 3. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (US$ Million) Table 4. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 5. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2021-2026) Table 6. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 7. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2021-2026) Table 8. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Price by Type (2021-2026) & (USD/unit) Table 9. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 10. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type (2027-2032) Table 11. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 12. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type (2027-2032) Table 13. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Price by Type (2027-2032) & (USD/unit) Table 14. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 15. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 16. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 17. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 18. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 19. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 20. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 21. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 22. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 23. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Type (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 24. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Trends Table 25. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Drivers Table 26. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Opportunities and Challenges Table 27. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Restraints Table 28. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Revenue by Company (US$ Million) & (2021-2026) Table 29. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Revenue Market Share by Company (2021-2026) Table 30. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Company (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 31. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Company (2021-2026) Table 32. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Price by Company (2021-2026) & (USD/unit) Table 33. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Company Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026 Table 34. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Major Company Production Sites and Headquarters Table 35. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Company, Product Type & Application Table 36. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Company Establishment Date Table 37. Global Company Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 38. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (Based on the Revenue of 2025) Table 39. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Comparison by Region (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 40. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 41. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Region (2021-2026) Table 42. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Region (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 43. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Region (2021-2026) Table 44. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 45. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Region (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 46. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Region (2027-2032) Table 47. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Region (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 48. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Region (2027-2032) Table 49. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2027-2032) Table 50. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (US$ Million) Table 51. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 52. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2021-2026) Table 53. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 54. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2021-2026) Table 55. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Price by Application (2021-2026) & (USD/unit) Table 56. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 57. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application (2027-2032) Table 58. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 59. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application (2027-2032) Table 60. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Price by Application (2027-2032) & (USD/unit) Table 61. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 62. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 63. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 64. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 65. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 66. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 67. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 68. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 69. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 70. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Application (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 71. JTEKT CORPORATION Company Information Table 72. JTEKT CORPORATION Business Overview Table 73. JTEKT CORPORATION Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 74. JTEKT CORPORATION Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio Table 75. JTEKT CORPORATION Recent Development Table 76. ZF Friedrichshafen AG Company Information Table 77. ZF Friedrichshafen AG Business Overview Table 78. ZF Friedrichshafen AG Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 79. ZF Friedrichshafen AG Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio Table 80. ZF Friedrichshafen AG Recent Development Table 81. FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Company Information Table 82. FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Business Overview Table 83. FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 84. FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio Table 85. FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Recent Development Table 86. DECO Automotive Company Information Table 87. DECO Automotive Business Overview Table 88. DECO Automotive Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (k units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 89. DECO Automotive Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio Table 90. DECO Automotive Recent Development Table 91. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (k units): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 92. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 93. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 94. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 95. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 96. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 97. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 98. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 99. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 100. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 101. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (k units): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 102. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 103. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 104. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 105. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 106. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 107. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 108. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 109. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 110. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 111. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (k units): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 112. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 113. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 114. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 115. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 116. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 117. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 118. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 119. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 120. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 121. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (k units): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 122. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 123. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 124. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 125. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 126. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 127. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 128. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 129. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 130. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 131. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (k units): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 132. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026) & (k units) Table 133. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 134. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (k units) Table 135. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 136. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country (US$ Million): 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Table 137. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 138. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country (2021-2026) Table 139. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 140. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share Forecast by Country (2027-2032) Table 141. Key Raw Materials Table 142. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Table 143. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Distributors List Table 144. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Customers List Table 145. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 146. Authors List of This Report Table 147. Secondary Sources Table 148. Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Image Figure 2. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size (US$ Million), 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 3. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 4. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (2021-2032) & (k units) Figure 5. Basic Type Image Figure 6. Global Basic Type Sales YoY Growth (2021-2032) & (k units) Figure 7. Intelligent Type Image Figure 8. Global Intelligent Type Sales YoY Growth (2021-2032) & (k units) Figure 9. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Overview by Type (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 10. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Type 2025 VS 2032 Figure 11. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type in 2025 Figure 12. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type in 2025 Figure 13. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type in 2025 Figure 14. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type in 2025 Figure 15. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type in 2025 Figure 16. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type in 2025 Figure 17. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type in 2025 Figure 18. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type in 2025 Figure 19. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Type in 2025 Figure 20. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Type in 2025 Figure 21. Global Top 5 and 10 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Players Market Share by Revenue in 2025 Figure 22. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2021 VS 2025 Figure 23. Passenger Cars Image Figure 24. Global Passenger Cars Sales YoY Growth (2021-2032) & (k units) Figure 25. Commercial Vehicles Image Figure 26. Global Commercial Vehicles Sales YoY Growth (2021-2032) & (k units) Figure 27. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Overview by Application (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Application 2025 VS 2032 Figure 29. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application in 2025 Figure 30. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application in 2025 Figure 31. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application in 2025 Figure 32. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application in 2025 Figure 33. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application in 2025 Figure 34. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application in 2025 Figure 35. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application in 2025 Figure 36. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application in 2025 Figure 37. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Volume by Application in 2025 Figure 38. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Market Share in Value by Application in 2025 Figure 39. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (k units) Figure 40. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 41. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 42. North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 43. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (k units) Figure 44. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 45. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 46. Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 47. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (k units) Figure 48. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 49. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 51. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (k units) Figure 52. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 53. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 54. Latin America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 55. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (k units) Figure 56. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 57. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 58. Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Share by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 59. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Value Chain Figure 60. Key Raw Materials Price Figure 61. Manufacturing Cost Structure Figure 62. Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Production Mode & Process Figure 63. Direct Comparison with Distribution Share Figure 64. Distributors Profiles Figure 65. Years Considered Figure 66. Research Process Figure 67. Key Executives Interviewed

Scope & coverage.

Types
  • Basic Type
  • Intelligent Type
Applications
  • Passenger Cars
  • Commercial Vehicles
Companies covered
  • JTEKT CORPORATION
  • ZF Friedrichshafen AG
  • FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS
  • DECO Automotive

Inside the report.

1 Market Overview
  1. 1.1 Product Definition
  2. 1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
  3. 1.2.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
  4. 1.2.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
  5. 1.3 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market by Type
  6. 1.3.1 Basic Type
  7. 1.3.2 Intelligent Type
  8. 1.4 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Type
  9. 1.4.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Overview by Type (2021-2032)
  10. 1.4.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Historic Market Size Review by Type (2021-2026)
  11. 1.4.3 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Forecasted Market Size by Type (2027-2032)
  12. 1.5 Key Regions Market Size by Type
  13. 1.5.1 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
  14. 1.5.2 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
  15. 1.5.3 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
  16. 1.5.4 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
  17. 1.5.5 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
2 Global Market Dynamics
  1. 2.1 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Trends
  2. 2.2 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Drivers
  3. 2.3 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Opportunities and Challenges
  4. 2.4 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Restraints
3 Market Competitive Landscape by Company
  1. 3.1 Global Top Players by Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Revenue (2021-2026)
  2. 3.2 Global Top Players by Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (2021-2026)
  3. 3.3 Global Top Players by Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Price (2021-2026)
  4. 3.4 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Industry Company Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
  5. 3.5 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Major Company Production Sites & Headquarters
  6. 3.6 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Company, Product Type & Application
  7. 3.7 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Company Establishment Date
  8. 3.8 Market Competitive Analysis
  9. 3.8.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market CR5 and HHI
  10. 3.8.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Players Market Share by Revenue in 2025
  11. 3.8.3 2025 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
4 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Regional Status and Outlook
  1. 4.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  2. 4.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Historic Market Size by Region
  3. 4.2.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales in Volume by Region (2021-2026)
  4. 4.2.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales in Value by Region (2021-2026)
  5. 4.2.3 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  6. 4.3 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Forecasted Market Size by Region
  7. 4.3.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales in Volume by Region (2027-2032)
  8. 4.3.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales in Value by Region (2027-2032)
  9. 4.3.3 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2027-2032)
5 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) by Application
  1. 5.1 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market by Application
  2. 5.1.1 Passenger Cars
  3. 5.1.2 Commercial Vehicles
  4. 5.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Application
  5. 5.2.1 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Overview by Application (2021-2032)
  6. 5.2.2 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Historic Market Size Review by Application (2021-2026)
  7. 5.2.3 Global Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Forecasted Market Size by Application (2027-2032)
  8. 5.3 Key Regions Market Size by Application
  9. 5.3.1 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
  10. 5.3.2 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
  11. 5.3.3 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
  12. 5.3.4 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
  13. 5.3.5 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
6 Company Profiles
  1. 6.1 JTEKT CORPORATION
  2. 6.1.1 JTEKT CORPORATION Company Information
  3. 6.1.2 JTEKT CORPORATION Business Overview
  4. 6.1.3 JTEKT CORPORATION Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  5. 6.1.4 JTEKT CORPORATION Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio
  6. 6.1.5 JTEKT CORPORATION Recent Developments
  7. 6.2 ZF Friedrichshafen AG
  8. 6.2.1 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Company Information
  9. 6.2.2 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Business Overview
  10. 6.2.3 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  11. 6.2.4 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio
  12. 6.2.5 ZF Friedrichshafen AG Recent Developments
  13. 6.3 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS
  14. 6.3.1 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Company Information
  15. 6.3.2 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Business Overview
  16. 6.3.3 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  17. 6.3.4 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio
  18. 6.3.5 FAW KOYO STEERING SYSTEMS Recent Developments
  19. 6.4 DECO Automotive
  20. 6.4.1 DECO Automotive Company Information
  21. 6.4.2 DECO Automotive Business Overview
  22. 6.4.3 DECO Automotive Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  23. 6.4.4 DECO Automotive Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Product Portfolio
  24. 6.4.5 DECO Automotive Recent Developments
7 North America by Country
  1. 7.1 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country
  2. 7.1.1 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  3. 7.1.2 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026)
  4. 7.1.3 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  5. 7.2 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country
  6. 7.2.1 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 7.2.2 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
  8. 7.2.3 North America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
8 Europe by Country
  1. 8.1 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country
  2. 8.1.1 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  3. 8.1.2 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026)
  4. 8.1.3 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  5. 8.2 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country
  6. 8.2.1 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 8.2.2 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
  8. 8.2.3 Europe Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
9 Asia-Pacific by Country
  1. 9.1 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country
  2. 9.1.1 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  3. 9.1.2 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026)
  4. 9.1.3 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  5. 9.2 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country
  6. 9.2.1 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 9.2.2 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
  8. 9.2.3 Asia-Pacific Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
10 South America by Country
  1. 10.1 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country
  2. 10.1.1 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  3. 10.1.2 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026)
  4. 10.1.3 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  5. 10.2 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country
  6. 10.2.1 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 10.2.2 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
  8. 10.2.3 South America Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
11 Middle East and Africa by Country
  1. 11.1 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country
  2. 11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  3. 11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales by Country (2021-2026)
  4. 11.1.3 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  5. 11.2 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country
  6. 11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
  8. 11.2.3 Middle East and Africa Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
12 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
  1. 12.1 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Value Chain Analysis
  2. 12.1.1 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Key Raw Materials
  3. 12.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
  4. 12.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  5. 12.1.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure
  6. 12.1.5 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Production Mode & Process
  7. 12.2 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Sales Channels Analysis
  8. 12.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
  9. 12.2.2 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Distributors
  10. 12.2.3 Electric Pump Type Hydraulic Power Steering (H-EPS) Customers
13 Concluding Insights
    14 Appendix
    1. 14.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
    2. 14.2 Research Methodology
    3. 14.3 Research Process
    4. 14.4 Authors List of This Report
    5. 14.5 Data Source
    6. 14.5.1 Secondary Sources
    7. 14.5.2 Primary Sources
    8. 14.6 Disclaimer

    GET THE RESEARCH

    Choose your license.

    Choose who needs access.
    All options are for this report and research series.

    Compare access permissions.

    Single User License
    One named user. Individual access.
    Multi User License
    Up to 5 users in the same department.
    Enterprise License
    Organization-wide access within the agreed license.

    Access applies to the purchased edition. Later editions are separate purchases.

    License options
    $3,450USD
    Buy now

    PDF by email within 3–5 working days after payment confirmation.

    Talk to an analyst
    APO Research