APO RESEARCH · REPORT
All-Vegetable Shortening
A shortening-fat based on vegetable-derived ingredients and processing conditions.

Product & engineering
Understand the product.
Ingredient composition, moisture or concentration basis, processing, packaging and the stated supplied form affect comparison. Ingredient sales and complete consumer-product sales occupy different supply-chain stages; no health or nutritional outcome is inferred from the product illustration.
What turns activity into demand
The selected edition segments All-Vegetable Shortening by Non-Emulsion Type; Emulsion Type. Its application or channel categories include Instant Noodles; Confectionery; Bakery.
The commercial boundary
Read ingredient and finished-food activity within the selected edition’s stated composition basis, supply-chain stage, geography and years. Product names do not establish nutritional effects or the comparability of different formulations.
Which supplied composition and processing boundary makes quantities comparable?
Ingredient composition, moisture or concentration basis, processing, packaging and the stated supplied form affect comparison. Ingredient sales and complete consumer-product sales occupy different supply-chain stages; no health or nutritional outcome is inferred from the product illustration. The selected edition’s categories describe its research segmentation; a supplier specification and application-level acceptance test define the particular purchased product.
Selected research
Market Analysis & Forecast
Global All-Vegetable Shortening Market Analysis and Forecast 2026-2032
Market perspective
The global All-Vegetable Shortening market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period.
The US & Canada market for All-Vegetable Shortening is estimated to increase from $ million in 2026 to reach $ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2026 through 2032.
Europe market for All-Vegetable Shortening is estimated to increase from $ million in 2026 to reach $ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2026 through 2032.
Read the full market overview
Asia-Pacific market for All-Vegetable Shortening is estimated to increase from $ million in 2026 to reach $ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2026 through 2032.
The China market for All-Vegetable Shortening is estimated to increase from $ million in 2026 to reach $ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2026 through 2032.
The major global manufacturers of All-Vegetable Shortening include Hain Celestial, Ventura Foods, Matrixx Initiatives, Admiration Foods, Bunge North America, Crisco, Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries, Tuong An Vegetable Oil and Golden Hope Nha Be, etc. In 2025, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue.
This report presents an overview of global market for All-Vegetable Shortening, sales, revenue and price. Analyses of the global market trends, with historic market revenue or sales data for 2021 - 2025, estimates for 2026, and projections of CAGR through 2032.
This report researches the key producers of All-Vegetable Shortening, also provides the sales of main regions and countries. Of the upcoming market potential for All-Vegetable Shortening, and key regions or countries of focus to forecast this market into various segments and sub-segments. Country specific data and market value analysis for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, Middle East, Africa, and Other Countries.
This report focuses on the All-Vegetable Shortening sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking of main manufacturers, data from 2021 to 2026. Identification of the major stakeholders in the global All-Vegetable Shortening market, and analysis of their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues. This report will help stakeholders to understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights and position their businesses and market strategies in a better way.
This report analyzes the segments data by Type and by Application, sales, revenue, and price, from 2021 to 2032. Evaluation and forecast the market size for All-Vegetable Shortening sales, projected growth trends, production technology, application and end-user industry.
All-Vegetable Shortening Segment by Company
Hain Celestial
Ventura Foods
Matrixx Initiatives
Admiration Foods
Bunge North America
Crisco
Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries
Tuong An Vegetable Oil
Golden Hope Nha Be
Tan Binh Vegetable Oil
All-Vegetable Shortening Segment by Type
Non-Emulsion Type
Emulsion Type
All-Vegetable Shortening Segment by Application
Instant Noodles
Confectionery
Bakery
All-Vegetable Shortening Segment by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Poland
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Türkiye
GCC Countries
Study Objectives
1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, sales, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global All-Vegetable Shortening market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of All-Vegetable Shortening and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in sales and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of All-Vegetable Shortening.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (by type and by application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Sales (consumption), revenue of All-Vegetable Shortening in global, regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world.
Chapter 4: Detailed analysis of All-Vegetable Shortening manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and industry ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 6: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the sales, revenue, average price, and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key manufacturers, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product descriptions and specifications, All-Vegetable Shortening sales, revenue, price, gross margin, and recent development, etc.
Chapter 8: North America by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 9: Europe by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 10: China type, by application, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 11: Asia (excluding China) type, by application and by region, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 12: South America, Middle East and Africa by type, by application and by country, sales, and revenue for each segment.
Chapter 13: Analysis of industrial chain, sales channel, key raw materials, distributors and customers.
Chapter 14: The main concluding insights of the report.
More report detail
Tables and figures
Scope & coverage.
Types
- Non-Emulsion Type
- Emulsion Type
Applications
- Instant Noodles
- Confectionery
- Bakery
Companies covered
- Hain Celestial
- Ventura Foods
- Matrixx Initiatives
- Admiration Foods
- Bunge North America
- Crisco
- Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries
- Tuong An Vegetable Oil
- Golden Hope Nha Be
- Tan Binh Vegetable Oil
Inside the report.
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition
- 1.2 All-Vegetable Shortening Market by Type
- 1.2.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 1.2.2 Non-Emulsion Type
- 1.2.3 Emulsion Type
- 1.3 All-Vegetable Shortening Market by Application
- 1.3.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application, 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 1.3.2 Instant Noodles
- 1.3.3 Confectionery
- 1.3.4 Bakery
- 1.4 Assumptions and Limitations
- 1.5 Study Goals and Objectives
2 All-Vegetable Shortening Market Dynamics
- 2.1 All-Vegetable Shortening Industry Trends
- 2.2 All-Vegetable Shortening Industry Drivers
- 2.3 All-Vegetable Shortening Industry Opportunities and Challenges
- 2.4 All-Vegetable Shortening Industry Restraints
3 Global Market Growth Prospects
- 3.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 3.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Region
- 3.2.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 3.2.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Region (2021-2026)
- 3.2.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Region (2027-2032)
- 3.2.4 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
- 3.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Estimates and Forecasts 2021-2032
- 3.4 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Region
- 3.4.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 3.4.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Region (2021-2026)
- 3.4.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Region (2027-2032)
- 3.4.4 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Market Share by Region (2021-2032)
- 3.5 US & Canada & Mexico
- 3.6 Europe
- 3.7 China
- 3.8 Asia (Excluding China)
- 3.9 South America, Middle East and Africa
4 Market Competitive Landscape by Manufacturers
- 4.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Manufacturers
- 4.1.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 4.1.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 4.1.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Manufacturers Revenue Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
- 4.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Manufacturers
- 4.2.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 4.2.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 4.2.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Manufacturers Sales Share Top 10 and Top 5 in 2025
- 4.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Price by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 4.4 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Key Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
- 4.5 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
- 4.6 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
- 4.7 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Manufacturers' Establishment Date
- 4.8 Market Competitive Analysis
- 4.8.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Market CR5 and HHI
- 4.8.2 2025 All-Vegetable Shortening Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
5 All-Vegetable Shortening Market by Type
- 5.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type
- 5.1.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 5.1.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
- 5.1.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type
- 5.2.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 5.2.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032) & (k units)
- 5.2.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
- 5.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type
6 All-Vegetable Shortening Market by Application
- 6.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application
- 6.1.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 6.1.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032) & (US$ Million)
- 6.1.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application
- 6.2.1 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 6.2.2 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032) & (k units)
- 6.2.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
- 6.3 Global All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application
7 Company Profiles
- 7.1 Hain Celestial
- 7.1.1 Hain Celestial Company Information
- 7.1.2 Hain Celestial Business Overview
- 7.1.3 Hain Celestial All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.1.4 Hain Celestial All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.1.5 Hain Celestial Recent Developments
- 7.2 Ventura Foods
- 7.2.1 Ventura Foods Company Information
- 7.2.2 Ventura Foods Business Overview
- 7.2.3 Ventura Foods All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.2.4 Ventura Foods All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.2.5 Ventura Foods Recent Developments
- 7.3 Matrixx Initiatives
- 7.3.1 Matrixx Initiatives Company Information
- 7.3.2 Matrixx Initiatives Business Overview
- 7.3.3 Matrixx Initiatives All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.3.4 Matrixx Initiatives All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.3.5 Matrixx Initiatives Recent Developments
- 7.4 Admiration Foods
- 7.4.1 Admiration Foods Company Information
- 7.4.2 Admiration Foods Business Overview
- 7.4.3 Admiration Foods All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.4.4 Admiration Foods All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.4.5 Admiration Foods Recent Developments
- 7.5 Bunge North America
- 7.5.1 Bunge North America Company Information
- 7.5.2 Bunge North America Business Overview
- 7.5.3 Bunge North America All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.5.4 Bunge North America All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.5.5 Bunge North America Recent Developments
- 7.6 Crisco
- 7.6.1 Crisco Company Information
- 7.6.2 Crisco Business Overview
- 7.6.3 Crisco All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.6.4 Crisco All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.6.5 Crisco Recent Developments
- 7.7 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries
- 7.7.1 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries Company Information
- 7.7.2 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries Business Overview
- 7.7.3 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.7.4 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.7.5 Cai Lan Oils&Fats Industries Recent Developments
- 7.8 Tuong An Vegetable Oil
- 7.8.1 Tuong An Vegetable Oil Company Information
- 7.8.2 Tuong An Vegetable Oil Business Overview
- 7.8.3 Tuong An Vegetable Oil All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.8.4 Tuong An Vegetable Oil All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.8.5 Tuong An Vegetable Oil Recent Developments
- 7.9 Golden Hope Nha Be
- 7.9.1 Golden Hope Nha Be Company Information
- 7.9.2 Golden Hope Nha Be Business Overview
- 7.9.3 Golden Hope Nha Be All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.9.4 Golden Hope Nha Be All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.9.5 Golden Hope Nha Be Recent Developments
- 7.10 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil
- 7.10.1 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil Company Information
- 7.10.2 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil Business Overview
- 7.10.3 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil All-Vegetable Shortening Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 7.10.4 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil All-Vegetable Shortening Product Portfolio
- 7.10.5 Tan Binh Vegetable Oil Recent Developments
8 North America
- 8.1 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type
- 8.1.1 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.1.2 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.1.3 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 8.2 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application
- 8.2.1 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.2.2 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.2.3 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 8.3 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Country
- 8.3.1 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 8.3.2 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 8.3.3 North America All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.4 United States
- 8.3.5 Canada
- 8.3.6 Mexico
9 Europe
- 9.1 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type
- 9.1.1 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.1.2 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.1.3 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 9.2 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application
- 9.2.1 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.2.2 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.2.3 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 9.3 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Country
- 9.3.1 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 9.3.2 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 9.3.3 Europe All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 9.3.4 Germany
- 9.3.5 France
- 9.3.6 U.K.
- 9.3.7 Italy
- 9.3.8 Russia
- 9.3.9 Spain
- 9.3.10 Netherlands
10 China
- 10.1 China All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type
- 10.1.1 China All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.1.2 China All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.1.3 China All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 10.2 China All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application
- 10.2.1 China All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.2.2 China All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 10.2.3 China All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application (2021-2032)
11 Asia (Excluding China)
- 11.1 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type
- 11.1.1 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.1.2 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.1.3 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 11.2 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application
- 11.2.1 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.2.2 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.2.3 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 11.3 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Country
- 11.3.1 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 11.3.2 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 11.3.3 Asia All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 11.3.4 Japan
- 11.3.5 South Korea
- 11.3.6 India
- 11.3.7 Australia
- 11.3.8 Taiwan
- 11.3.9 Southeast Asia
12 South America, Middle East and Africa
- 12.1 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Type
- 12.1.1 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.1.2 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.1.3 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Type (2021-2032)
- 12.2 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Application
- 12.2.1 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.2.2 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.2.3 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Application (2021-2032)
- 12.3 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Market Size by Country
- 12.3.1 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Revenue Grow Rate by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 12.3.2 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Sales by Country (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 12.3.3 SAMEA All-Vegetable Shortening Price by Country (2021-2032)
- 12.3.4 Brazil
- 12.3.5 Argentina
- 12.3.6 Chile
- 12.3.7 Colombia
- 12.3.8 Peru
- 12.3.9 Saudi Arabia
- 12.3.10 Israel
- 12.3.11 UAE
- 12.3.12 Turkey
- 12.3.13 Iran
- 12.3.14 Egypt
13 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
- 13.1 All-Vegetable Shortening Value Chain Analysis
- 13.1.1 All-Vegetable Shortening Key Raw Materials
- 13.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 13.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
- 13.1.4 All-Vegetable Shortening Production Mode & Process
- 13.2 All-Vegetable Shortening Sales Channels Analysis
- 13.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
- 13.2.2 All-Vegetable Shortening Distributors
- 13.2.3 All-Vegetable Shortening Customers
14 Concluding Insights
15 Appendix
- 15.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
- 15.2 Research Methodology
- 15.3 Research Process
- 15.4 Authors List of This Report
- 15.5 Data Source
- 15.5.1 Secondary Sources
- 15.5.2 Primary Sources
- 15.6 Disclaimer
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