Selected research
Industry Research
Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Industry Research Report 2026
Market perspective
The global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market was valued at US$ million in 2025 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2032, implying a CAGR of % over 2026–2032.
North America: the Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, reflecting a CAGR of % over 2026–2032. Europe: the Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market is projected to rise from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, registering a CAGR of % over 2026–2032. Asia Pacific: the Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market is expected to grow from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026–2032. Leading global service providers of Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service include China Mobile, Alibaba Cloud, Baidu AI Cloud, HOLLYCRM, iFLYTEK, Ronglian Qimo, Meiqia, Jingxiaozhi and Zhongguancun Kejin, among others; in 2025, the top three vendors together accounted for approximately % of global revenue.
Report Scope
Read the full market overview
This report quantifies the global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market in terms of revenue (US$ million) and, where applicable, service volume (k units), using 2024 as the base year and providing annual historical and forecast data for 2021–2032.
It standardizes definitions of service Types and end-use Applications, harmonizes provider attribution, and delivers comparable time series by company, Type, Application, and region or country, including indicative price bands (US$/k units) and concentration ratios (CR5/CR10). Outputs are intended to support service design, budgeting, capacity planning, and benchmarking for providers, platforms, channel partners, and investors; the report also reviews technology shifts and notable service innovations relevant to Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service.
Key Companies & Market Share Insights
This section profiles leading service providers with 2021–2025 results and a 2026–2032 outlook—covering revenue, market share, price bands, service portfolio and client mix, regional and channel mix, and key developments (M&A, network expansion, certifications). It also provides global revenue, average price, and—where applicable—volume metrics by provider, and calculates CR5/CR10 and rank changes to support comparative benchmarking.
Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market by Company
China Mobile
Alibaba Cloud
Baidu AI Cloud
HOLLYCRM
iFLYTEK
Ronglian Qimo
Meiqia
Jingxiaozhi
Zhongguancun Kejin
Tianrun Rongtong
NetEase Cloud Commerce
Lingyang
Hopeing Technology
Salesforce
Zendesk
AWS
Freshworks
IBM
DigitalGenius
Haptik
eGain
Intercom
LiveAgent
Cognigy
CRESCENDO
Decagon
DevRev
Gradient Labs
Maven AGI
SIERRA
Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Segment by Type
Supporting Type
Dominant Type
Autonomous Type
Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Segment by Application
Internet
Finance
Telecommunications
Healthcare
Education
Other
Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Segment by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Spain
Russia
Netherlands
Nordic Countries
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Middle East & Africa
Saudi Arabia
Israel
United Arab Emirates
Turkey
Iran
Egypt
Key Drivers & Barriers
High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Research objectives, research methods, data sources, data cross-validation;
Chapter 2: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 5: Introduces executive summary of global market size, regional market size, this section also introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by companies in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6: Detailed analysis of Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service companies’ competitive landscape, revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10, 11: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa segment by country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 12: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including revenue, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 13: The main points and conclusions of the report.
More report detail
Tables and figures
Scope & coverage.
Types
- Supporting Type
- Dominant Type
- Autonomous Type
Applications
- Internet
- Finance
- Telecommunications
- Healthcare
- Education
- Other
Companies covered
- China Mobile
- Alibaba Cloud
- Baidu AI Cloud
- HOLLYCRM
- iFLYTEK
- Ronglian Qimo
- Meiqia
- Jingxiaozhi
- Zhongguancun Kejin
- Tianrun Rongtong
- NetEase Cloud Commerce
- Lingyang
- Hopeing Technology
- Salesforce
- Zendesk
- AWS
- Freshworks
- IBM
- DigitalGenius
- Haptik
- eGain
- Intercom
- LiveAgent
- Cognigy
- CRESCENDO
- Decagon
- DevRev
- Gradient Labs
- Maven AGI
- SIERRA
Inside the report.
1 Preface
- 1.1 Scope of Report
- 1.2 Reasons for Doing This Study
- 1.3 Research Methodology
- 1.4 Research Process
- 1.5 Data Source
- 1.5.1 Secondary Sources
- 1.5.2 Primary Sources
2 Market Overview
- 2.1 Product Definition
- 2.2 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service by Type
- 2.2.1 Market Value Comparison by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 2.2.2 Supporting Type
- 2.2.3 Dominant Type
- 2.2.4 Autonomous Type
- 2.3 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service by Application
- 2.3.1 Market Value Comparison by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 2.3.2 Internet
- 2.3.3 Finance
- 2.3.4 Telecommunications
- 2.3.5 Healthcare
- 2.3.6 Education
- 2.3.7 Other
- 2.4 Assumptions and Limitations
3 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Breakdown Data by Type
- 3.1 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Historic Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Forecasted Market Size by Type (2027-2032)
4 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Breakdown Data by Application
- 4.1 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Historic Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
- 4.2 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Forecasted Market Size by Application (2027-2032)
5 Global Growth Trends
- 5.1 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Perspective (2021-2032)
- 5.2 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Growth Trends by Region
- 5.2.1 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 5.2.2 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Historic Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
- 5.2.3 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Forecasted Market Size by Region (2027-2032)
- 5.3 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Dynamics
- 5.3.1 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Industry Trends
- 5.3.2 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Drivers
- 5.3.3 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Challenges
- 5.3.4 Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Restraints
6 Market Competitive Landscape by Players
- 6.1 Global Top Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Players by Revenue
- 6.1.1 Global Top Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Players by Revenue (2021-2026)
- 6.1.2 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Revenue Market Share by Players (2021-2026)
- 6.2 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Industry Players Ranking, 2023 VS 2024 VS 2025
- 6.3 Global Key Players of Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Head Office and Area Served
- 6.4 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Players, Product Type & Application
- 6.5 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Manufacturers Established Date
- 6.6 Global Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market CR5 and HHI
- 6.7 Global Players Mergers & Acquisition
7 North America
- 7.1 North America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size (2021-2032)
- 7.2 North America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 7.3 North America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 7.4 North America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2027-2032)
- 7.5 United States
- 7.5 United States
- 7.6 Canada
- 7.7 Mexico
8 Europe
- 8.1 Europe Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size (2021-2032)
- 8.2 Europe Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.3 Europe Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 8.4 Europe Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2027-2032)
- 8.5 Germany
- 8.6 France
- 8.7 U.K.
- 8.8 Italy
- 8.9 Spain
- 8.10 Russia
- 8.11 Netherlands
- 8.12 Nordic Countries
9 Asia-Pacific
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size (2021-2032)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 9.3 Asia-Pacific Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 9.4 Asia-Pacific Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2027-2032)
- 9.5 China
- 9.6 Japan
- 9.7 South Korea
- 9.8 India
- 9.9 Australia
- 9.10 China Taiwan
- 9.11 Southeast Asia
10 South America
- 10.1 South America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size (2021-2032)
- 10.2 South America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 10.3 South America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 10.4 South America Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2027-2032)
- 10.5 Brazil
- 10.6 Argentina
- 10.7 Chile
- 10.8 Colombia
- 10.9 Peru
11 Middle East & Africa
- 11.1 Middle East & Africa Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size (2021-2032)
- 11.2 Middle East & Africa Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 11.3 Middle East & Africa Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 11.4 Middle East & Africa Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Market Size by Country (2027-2032)
- 11.5 Saudi Arabia
- 11.6 Israel
- 11.7 United Arab Emirates
- 11.8 Turkey
- 11.9 Iran
- 11.10 Egypt
12 Players Profiled
- 12.1 China Mobile
- 12.1.1 China Mobile Company Information
- 12.1.2 China Mobile Business Overview
- 12.1.3 China Mobile Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.1.4 China Mobile Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.1.5 China Mobile Recent Developments
- 12.2 Alibaba Cloud
- 12.2.1 Alibaba Cloud Company Information
- 12.2.2 Alibaba Cloud Business Overview
- 12.2.3 Alibaba Cloud Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.2.4 Alibaba Cloud Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.2.5 Alibaba Cloud Recent Developments
- 12.3 Baidu AI Cloud
- 12.3.1 Baidu AI Cloud Company Information
- 12.3.2 Baidu AI Cloud Business Overview
- 12.3.3 Baidu AI Cloud Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.3.4 Baidu AI Cloud Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.3.5 Baidu AI Cloud Recent Developments
- 12.4 HOLLYCRM
- 12.4.1 HOLLYCRM Company Information
- 12.4.2 HOLLYCRM Business Overview
- 12.4.3 HOLLYCRM Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.4.4 HOLLYCRM Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.4.5 HOLLYCRM Recent Developments
- 12.5 iFLYTEK
- 12.5.1 iFLYTEK Company Information
- 12.5.2 iFLYTEK Business Overview
- 12.5.3 iFLYTEK Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.5.4 iFLYTEK Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.5.5 iFLYTEK Recent Developments
- 12.6 Ronglian Qimo
- 12.6.1 Ronglian Qimo Company Information
- 12.6.2 Ronglian Qimo Business Overview
- 12.6.3 Ronglian Qimo Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.6.4 Ronglian Qimo Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.6.5 Ronglian Qimo Recent Developments
- 12.7 Meiqia
- 12.7.1 Meiqia Company Information
- 12.7.2 Meiqia Business Overview
- 12.7.3 Meiqia Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.7.4 Meiqia Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.7.5 Meiqia Recent Developments
- 12.8 Jingxiaozhi
- 12.8.1 Jingxiaozhi Company Information
- 12.8.2 Jingxiaozhi Business Overview
- 12.8.3 Jingxiaozhi Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.8.4 Jingxiaozhi Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.8.5 Jingxiaozhi Recent Developments
- 12.9 Zhongguancun Kejin
- 12.9.1 Zhongguancun Kejin Company Information
- 12.9.2 Zhongguancun Kejin Business Overview
- 12.9.3 Zhongguancun Kejin Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.9.4 Zhongguancun Kejin Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.9.5 Zhongguancun Kejin Recent Developments
- 12.10 Tianrun Rongtong
- 12.10.1 Tianrun Rongtong Company Information
- 12.10.2 Tianrun Rongtong Business Overview
- 12.10.3 Tianrun Rongtong Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.10.4 Tianrun Rongtong Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.10.5 Tianrun Rongtong Recent Developments
- 12.11 NetEase Cloud Commerce
- 12.11.1 NetEase Cloud Commerce Company Information
- 12.11.2 NetEase Cloud Commerce Business Overview
- 12.11.3 NetEase Cloud Commerce Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.11.4 NetEase Cloud Commerce Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.11.5 NetEase Cloud Commerce Recent Developments
- 12.12 Lingyang
- 12.12.1 Lingyang Company Information
- 12.12.2 Lingyang Business Overview
- 12.12.3 Lingyang Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.12.4 Lingyang Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.12.5 Lingyang Recent Developments
- 12.13 Hopeing Technology
- 12.13.1 Hopeing Technology Company Information
- 12.13.2 Hopeing Technology Business Overview
- 12.13.3 Hopeing Technology Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.13.4 Hopeing Technology Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.13.5 Hopeing Technology Recent Developments
- 12.14 Salesforce
- 12.14.1 Salesforce Company Information
- 12.14.2 Salesforce Business Overview
- 12.14.3 Salesforce Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.14.4 Salesforce Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.14.5 Salesforce Recent Developments
- 12.15 Zendesk
- 12.15.1 Zendesk Company Information
- 12.15.2 Zendesk Business Overview
- 12.15.3 Zendesk Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.15.4 Zendesk Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.15.5 Zendesk Recent Developments
- 12.16 AWS
- 12.16.1 AWS Company Information
- 12.16.2 AWS Business Overview
- 12.16.3 AWS Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.16.4 AWS Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.16.5 AWS Recent Developments
- 12.17 Freshworks
- 12.17.1 Freshworks Company Information
- 12.17.2 Freshworks Business Overview
- 12.17.3 Freshworks Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.17.4 Freshworks Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.17.5 Freshworks Recent Developments
- 12.18 IBM
- 12.18.1 IBM Company Information
- 12.18.2 IBM Business Overview
- 12.18.3 IBM Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.18.4 IBM Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.18.5 IBM Recent Developments
- 12.19 DigitalGenius
- 12.19.1 DigitalGenius Company Information
- 12.19.2 DigitalGenius Business Overview
- 12.19.3 DigitalGenius Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.19.4 DigitalGenius Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.19.5 DigitalGenius Recent Developments
- 12.20 Haptik
- 12.20.1 Haptik Company Information
- 12.20.2 Haptik Business Overview
- 12.20.3 Haptik Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.20.4 Haptik Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.20.5 Haptik Recent Developments
- 12.21 eGain
- 12.21.1 eGain Company Information
- 12.21.2 eGain Business Overview
- 12.21.3 eGain Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.21.4 eGain Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.21.5 eGain Recent Developments
- 12.22 Intercom
- 12.22.1 Intercom Company Information
- 12.22.2 Intercom Business Overview
- 12.22.3 Intercom Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.22.4 Intercom Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.22.5 Intercom Recent Developments
- 12.23 LiveAgent
- 12.23.1 LiveAgent Company Information
- 12.23.2 LiveAgent Business Overview
- 12.23.3 LiveAgent Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.23.4 LiveAgent Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.23.5 LiveAgent Recent Developments
- 12.24 Cognigy
- 12.24.1 Cognigy Company Information
- 12.24.2 Cognigy Business Overview
- 12.24.3 Cognigy Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.24.4 Cognigy Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.24.5 Cognigy Recent Developments
- 12.25 CRESCENDO
- 12.25.1 CRESCENDO Company Information
- 12.25.2 CRESCENDO Business Overview
- 12.25.3 CRESCENDO Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.25.4 CRESCENDO Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.25.5 CRESCENDO Recent Developments
- 12.26 Decagon
- 12.26.1 Decagon Company Information
- 12.26.2 Decagon Business Overview
- 12.26.3 Decagon Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.26.4 Decagon Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.26.5 Decagon Recent Developments
- 12.27 DevRev
- 12.27.1 DevRev Company Information
- 12.27.2 DevRev Business Overview
- 12.27.3 DevRev Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.27.4 DevRev Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.27.5 DevRev Recent Developments
- 12.28 Gradient Labs
- 12.28.1 Gradient Labs Company Information
- 12.28.2 Gradient Labs Business Overview
- 12.28.3 Gradient Labs Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.28.4 Gradient Labs Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.28.5 Gradient Labs Recent Developments
- 12.29 Maven AGI
- 12.29.1 Maven AGI Company Information
- 12.29.2 Maven AGI Business Overview
- 12.29.3 Maven AGI Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.29.4 Maven AGI Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.29.5 Maven AGI Recent Developments
- 12.30 SIERRA
- 12.30.1 SIERRA Company Information
- 12.30.2 SIERRA Business Overview
- 12.30.3 SIERRA Revenue in Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Business (2021-2026)
- 12.30.4 SIERRA Application-layer AI Agents in Customer Service Product Portfolio
- 12.30.5 SIERRA Recent Developments
13 Report Conclusion
14 Disclaimer
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