APO RESEARCH · REPORT
Automated Parking Systems
An automated (car) parking system (APS) is a mechanical system designed to minimize the area and/or volume required for parking cars. Like a multi-story parking garage, an APS provides parking for cars on multiple levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking spaces while minimizing land usage. The APS, however, utilizes a mechanical system to transport cars to and from parking spaces (rather than the driver) in order to eliminate much of the space wasted in a multi-story parking garage. While a multi-story parking garage is similar to multiple parking lots stacked vertically, an APS is more similar to an automated storage and retrieval system for cars.
Product & engineering
Understand the product.
An automated (car) parking system (APS) is a mechanical system designed to minimize the area and/or volume required for parking cars. Like a multi-story parking garage, an APS provides parking for cars on multiple levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking spaces while minimizing land usage. The APS, however, utilizes a mechanical system to transport cars to and from parking spaces (rather than the driver) in order to eliminate much of the space wasted in a multi-story parking garage. While a multi-story parking garage is similar to multiple parking lots stacked vertically, an APS is more similar to an automated storage and retrieval system for cars.
Selected research
Industry Growth & Trends
Global Automated Parking Systems Industry Growth and Trends Forecast to 2032
Market perspective
An automated (car) parking system (APS) is a mechanical system designed to minimize the area and/or volume required for parking cars. Like a multi-story parking garage, an APS provides parking for cars on multiple levels stacked vertically to maximize the number of parking spaces while minimizing land usage. The APS, however, utilizes a mechanical system to transport cars to and from parking spaces (rather than the driver) in order to eliminate much of the space wasted in a multi-story parking garage. While a multi-story parking garage is similar to multiple parking lots stacked vertically, an APS is more similar to an automated storage and retrieval system for cars.
Global Automated Parking Systems key players include ShinMaywa, IHI Parking System, MHI Parking, XIZI Parking System, Wuyang Parking, etc. Global top five manufacturers hold a Production Market Share over 25%. China accounts for the most Production Market Share, which have a share over 40%, followed by Japan. In terms of product, Multi Parking is the largest segment, with a Production Market Share over 70%. And in terms of application, the largest application is Commercial, followed by Residential.
Report Scope
Read the full market overview
This report provides a structured, data-driven view of the global Automated Parking Systems market, combining harmonized quantitative metrics with targeted qualitative insight to support business and growth strategy, market positioning, and capital allocation.
The Automated Parking Systems market size, estimates, and forecasts are presented in terms of sales volume (K Units) and revenue (US$ million), with 2025 as the base year and historical and forecast data for 2021-2032. The report segments the global Automated Parking Systems market by Type, Application, region/country, and company, provides regional market sizes at the segment level, profiles the competitive landscape and key players and their market ranks, and reviews technology trends and new product developments relevant to Automated Parking Systems.
Key Companies & Market Share Insights
This section analyzes the strategies and performance of leading manufacturers in the global Automated Parking Systems market, including portfolio focus, innovation and product development, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, and geographic expansion used to sustain or enhance competitive positions. It also summarizes recent corporate developments and key financial indicators and provides global revenue, price, and sales volume data by manufacturer for 2020-2025, enabling benchmarking of scale, pricing, and market share and supporting assessment of market concentration through indicators such as CR5 and CR10.
Automated Parking Systems Market by Company
ShinMaywa
IHI Parking System
MHI Parking
XIZI Parking System
Wuyang Parking
Tongbao Parking Equipment
Huaxing intelligent parking
Nissei Build Kogyo
Yeefung Industry Equipment
CIMC Tianda
Wohr
AJ Dongyang Menics
Dayang Parking
Klaus Multiparking
Maoyuan Parking Equipment
Lödige Industries
PARI
RR Parkon
Tada
Sieger Parking
Automated Parking Systems Segment by Type
Rotary Carousel
Speedy Parking
Multi Parking
Optima Parking
Other
Automated Parking Systems Segment by Application
Commercial
Residential
Government
Automated Parking Systems Segment by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Poland
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Türkiye
GCC Countries
Key Drivers & Barriers
High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Automated Parking Systems market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Automated Parking Systems and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Automated Parking Systems.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Introduces the study scope of this report, executive summary of market segments by type, market size segments for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter 2: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Automated Parking Systems manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales, revenue, market share and ranking, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Sales, revenue of Automated Parking Systems in regional level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and introduces the future development prospects, and market space in the world.
Chapter 5: Introduces market segments by application, market size segment for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.
Chapter 6: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa, sales and revenue by country.
Chapter 12: Analysis of industrial chain, key raw materials, manufacturing cost, and market dynamics.
Chapter 13: Concluding Insights of the report.
More report detail
Tables and figures
Scope & coverage.
Types
- Rotary Carousel
- Speedy Parking
- Multi Parking
- Optima Parking
- Other
Applications
- Commercial
- Residential
- Government
Companies covered
- ShinMaywa
- IHI Parking System
- MHI Parking
- XIZI Parking System
- Wuyang Parking
- Tongbao Parking Equipment
- Huaxing intelligent parking
- Nissei Build Kogyo
- Yeefung Industry Equipment
- CIMC Tianda
- Wohr
- AJ Dongyang Menics
- Dayang Parking
- Klaus Multiparking
- Maoyuan Parking Equipment
- Lödige Industries
- PARI
- RR Parkon
- Tada
- Sieger Parking
Inside the report.
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition
- 1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
- 1.2.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 1.2.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 1.3 Automated Parking Systems Market by Type
- 1.3.1 Rotary Carousel
- 1.3.2 Speedy Parking
- 1.3.3 Multi Parking
- 1.3.4 Optima Parking
- 1.3.5 Other
- 1.4 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Type
- 1.4.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size Overview by Type (2021-2032)
- 1.4.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Historic Market Size Review by Type (2021-2026)
- 1.4.3 Global Automated Parking Systems Forecasted Market Size by Type (2027-2032)
- 1.5 Key Regions Market Size by Type
- 1.5.1 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
- 1.5.2 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
- 1.5.3 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
- 1.5.4 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
- 1.5.5 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Type (2021-2026)
2 Global Market Dynamics
- 2.1 Automated Parking Systems Industry Trends
- 2.2 Automated Parking Systems Industry Drivers
- 2.3 Automated Parking Systems Industry Opportunities and Challenges
- 2.4 Automated Parking Systems Industry Restraints
3 Market Competitive Landscape by Company
- 3.1 Global Top Players by Automated Parking Systems Revenue (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Global Top Players by Automated Parking Systems Sales (2021-2026)
- 3.3 Global Top Players by Automated Parking Systems Price (2021-2026)
- 3.4 Global Automated Parking Systems Industry Company Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
- 3.5 Global Automated Parking Systems Major Company Production Sites & Headquarters
- 3.6 Global Automated Parking Systems Company, Product Type & Application
- 3.7 Global Automated Parking Systems Company Establishment Date
- 3.8 Market Competitive Analysis
- 3.8.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Market CR5 and HHI
- 3.8.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Automated Parking Systems Players Market Share by Revenue in 2025
- 3.8.3 2025 Automated Parking Systems Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
4 Automated Parking Systems Regional Status and Outlook
- 4.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size and CAGR by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 4.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Historic Market Size by Region
- 4.2.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales in Volume by Region (2021-2026)
- 4.2.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales in Value by Region (2021-2026)
- 4.2.3 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 4.3 Global Automated Parking Systems Forecasted Market Size by Region
- 4.3.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales in Volume by Region (2027-2032)
- 4.3.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales in Value by Region (2027-2032)
- 4.3.3 Global Automated Parking Systems Sales (Volume & Value), Price and Gross Margin (2027-2032)
5 Automated Parking Systems by Application
- 5.1 Automated Parking Systems Market by Application
- 5.1.1 Commercial
- 5.1.2 Residential
- 5.1.3 Government
- 5.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Application
- 5.2.1 Global Automated Parking Systems Market Size Overview by Application (2021-2032)
- 5.2.2 Global Automated Parking Systems Historic Market Size Review by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.2.3 Global Automated Parking Systems Forecasted Market Size by Application (2027-2032)
- 5.3 Key Regions Market Size by Application
- 5.3.1 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.3.2 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.3.3 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.3.4 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
- 5.3.5 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales Breakdown by Application (2021-2026)
6 Company Profiles
- 6.1 ShinMaywa
- 6.1.1 ShinMaywa Company Information
- 6.1.2 ShinMaywa Business Overview
- 6.1.3 ShinMaywa Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.1.4 ShinMaywa Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.1.5 ShinMaywa Recent Developments
- 6.2 IHI Parking System
- 6.2.1 IHI Parking System Company Information
- 6.2.2 IHI Parking System Business Overview
- 6.2.3 IHI Parking System Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.2.4 IHI Parking System Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.2.5 IHI Parking System Recent Developments
- 6.3 MHI Parking
- 6.3.1 MHI Parking Company Information
- 6.3.2 MHI Parking Business Overview
- 6.3.3 MHI Parking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.3.4 MHI Parking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.3.5 MHI Parking Recent Developments
- 6.4 XIZI Parking System
- 6.4.1 XIZI Parking System Company Information
- 6.4.2 XIZI Parking System Business Overview
- 6.4.3 XIZI Parking System Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.4.4 XIZI Parking System Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.4.5 XIZI Parking System Recent Developments
- 6.5 Wuyang Parking
- 6.5.1 Wuyang Parking Company Information
- 6.5.2 Wuyang Parking Business Overview
- 6.5.3 Wuyang Parking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.5.4 Wuyang Parking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.5.5 Wuyang Parking Recent Developments
- 6.6 Tongbao Parking Equipment
- 6.6.1 Tongbao Parking Equipment Company Information
- 6.6.2 Tongbao Parking Equipment Business Overview
- 6.6.3 Tongbao Parking Equipment Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.6.4 Tongbao Parking Equipment Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.6.5 Tongbao Parking Equipment Recent Developments
- 6.7 Huaxing intelligent parking
- 6.7.1 Huaxing intelligent parking Company Information
- 6.7.2 Huaxing intelligent parking Business Overview
- 6.7.3 Huaxing intelligent parking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.7.4 Huaxing intelligent parking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.7.5 Huaxing intelligent parking Recent Developments
- 6.8 Nissei Build Kogyo
- 6.8.1 Nissei Build Kogyo Company Information
- 6.8.2 Nissei Build Kogyo Business Overview
- 6.8.3 Nissei Build Kogyo Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.8.4 Nissei Build Kogyo Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.8.5 Nissei Build Kogyo Recent Developments
- 6.9 Yeefung Industry Equipment
- 6.9.1 Yeefung Industry Equipment Company Information
- 6.9.2 Yeefung Industry Equipment Business Overview
- 6.9.3 Yeefung Industry Equipment Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.9.4 Yeefung Industry Equipment Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.9.5 Yeefung Industry Equipment Recent Developments
- 6.10 CIMC Tianda
- 6.10.1 CIMC Tianda Company Information
- 6.10.2 CIMC Tianda Business Overview
- 6.10.3 CIMC Tianda Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.10.4 CIMC Tianda Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.10.5 CIMC Tianda Recent Developments
- 6.11 Wohr
- 6.11.1 Wohr Company Information
- 6.11.2 Wohr Business Overview
- 6.11.3 Wohr Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.11.4 Wohr Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.11.5 Wohr Recent Developments
- 6.12 AJ Dongyang Menics
- 6.12.1 AJ Dongyang Menics Company Information
- 6.12.2 AJ Dongyang Menics Business Overview
- 6.12.3 AJ Dongyang Menics Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.12.4 AJ Dongyang Menics Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.12.5 AJ Dongyang Menics Recent Developments
- 6.13 Dayang Parking
- 6.13.1 Dayang Parking Company Information
- 6.13.2 Dayang Parking Business Overview
- 6.13.3 Dayang Parking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.13.4 Dayang Parking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.13.5 Dayang Parking Recent Developments
- 6.14 Klaus Multiparking
- 6.14.1 Klaus Multiparking Company Information
- 6.14.2 Klaus Multiparking Business Overview
- 6.14.3 Klaus Multiparking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.14.4 Klaus Multiparking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.14.5 Klaus Multiparking Recent Developments
- 6.15 Maoyuan Parking Equipment
- 6.15.1 Maoyuan Parking Equipment Company Information
- 6.15.2 Maoyuan Parking Equipment Business Overview
- 6.15.3 Maoyuan Parking Equipment Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.15.4 Maoyuan Parking Equipment Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.15.5 Maoyuan Parking Equipment Recent Developments
- 6.16 Lödige Industries
- 6.16.1 Lödige Industries Company Information
- 6.16.2 Lödige Industries Business Overview
- 6.16.3 Lödige Industries Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.16.4 Lödige Industries Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.16.5 Lödige Industries Recent Developments
- 6.17 PARI
- 6.17.1 PARI Company Information
- 6.17.2 PARI Business Overview
- 6.17.3 PARI Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.17.4 PARI Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.17.5 PARI Recent Developments
- 6.18 RR Parkon
- 6.18.1 RR Parkon Company Information
- 6.18.2 RR Parkon Business Overview
- 6.18.3 RR Parkon Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.18.4 RR Parkon Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.18.5 RR Parkon Recent Developments
- 6.19 Tada
- 6.19.1 Tada Company Information
- 6.19.2 Tada Business Overview
- 6.19.3 Tada Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.19.4 Tada Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.19.5 Tada Recent Developments
- 6.20 Sieger Parking
- 6.20.1 Sieger Parking Company Information
- 6.20.2 Sieger Parking Business Overview
- 6.20.3 Sieger Parking Automated Parking Systems Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.20.4 Sieger Parking Automated Parking Systems Product Portfolio
- 6.20.5 Sieger Parking Recent Developments
7 North America by Country
- 7.1 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country
- 7.1.1 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 7.1.2 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country (2021-2026)
- 7.1.3 North America Automated Parking Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
- 7.2 North America Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country
- 7.2.1 North America Automated Parking Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 7.2.2 North America Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 7.2.3 North America Automated Parking Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
8 Europe by Country
- 8.1 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country
- 8.1.1 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.1.2 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country (2021-2026)
- 8.1.3 Europe Automated Parking Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
- 8.2 Europe Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country
- 8.2.1 Europe Automated Parking Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.2.2 Europe Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 8.2.3 Europe Automated Parking Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
9 Asia-Pacific by Country
- 9.1 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country
- 9.1.1 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 9.1.2 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country (2021-2026)
- 9.1.3 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
- 9.2 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country
- 9.2.1 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 9.2.2 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 9.2.3 Asia-Pacific Automated Parking Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
10 South America by Country
- 10.1 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country
- 10.1.1 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 10.1.2 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country (2021-2026)
- 10.1.3 South America Automated Parking Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
- 10.2 South America Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country
- 10.2.1 South America Automated Parking Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 10.2.2 South America Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 10.2.3 South America Automated Parking Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
11 Middle East and Africa by Country
- 11.1 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country
- 11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 11.1.2 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales by Country (2021-2026)
- 11.1.3 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Sales Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
- 11.2 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country
- 11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Market Size Growth Rate (CAGR) by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 11.2.2 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
- 11.2.3 Middle East and Africa Automated Parking Systems Market Size Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
12 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
- 12.1 Automated Parking Systems Value Chain Analysis
- 12.1.1 Automated Parking Systems Key Raw Materials
- 12.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price
- 12.1.3 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 12.1.4 Manufacturing Cost Structure
- 12.1.5 Automated Parking Systems Production Mode & Process
- 12.2 Automated Parking Systems Sales Channels Analysis
- 12.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
- 12.2.2 Automated Parking Systems Distributors
- 12.2.3 Automated Parking Systems Customers
13 Concluding Insights
14 Appendix
- 14.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
- 14.2 Research Methodology
- 14.3 Research Process
- 14.4 Authors List of This Report
- 14.5 Data Source
- 14.5.1 Secondary Sources
- 14.5.2 Primary Sources
- 14.6 Disclaimer
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