APO RESEARCH · REPORT
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor refers to vehicle pressure sensors based on a micromachined sensing element. A sensing element converts pressure relative to a reference into an electrical signal, with packaging and compensation completing the measurement chain.

Product & engineering
Understand the product.
For this subject, the supplied object is vehicle pressure sensors based on a micromachined sensing element. Define absolute, gauge or differential reference first, then combine offset, span, temperature and long-term effects under the real medium. Installation tubing and bandwidth can dominate transient measurements; an analogue output is an interface, not an accuracy class. Evaluate compensation, connector and process port as part of the full measurement chain.
What turns activity into demand
A pressure measurement becomes a sensor requirement only after the reference, medium, dynamics and process connection are defined. Installation and conditioning complete the measurement chain.
The commercial boundary
Bare dies, sensing cells and finished transmitters represent different supply objects. Range alone cannot define media compatibility or total installed accuracy.
Which pressure error matters after the sensor is installed?
For this subject, the supplied object is vehicle pressure sensors based on a micromachined sensing element. Define absolute, gauge or differential reference first, then combine offset, span, temperature and long-term effects under the real medium. Installation tubing and bandwidth can dominate transient measurements; an analogue output is an interface, not an accuracy class. Evaluate compensation, connector and process port as part of the full measurement chain.
Selected research
Market Structure
Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market by Size, by Type, by Application, by Region, History and Forecast 2021-2032
Market perspective
The global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market is projected to grow from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, implying a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.
The US & Canada market for Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.
The Europe market for Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.
Read the full market overview
The Asia Pacific market for Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.
The China market for Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor is projected to increase from US$ million in 2026 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % over 2026-2032.
Leading global manufacturers of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor include Analog Devices, Autoliv, Allegro Microsystems, Bourns, Continental, Delphi Automotive, Denso, Elmos Semiconductor and General Electric, among others. In 2025, the top three vendors together accounted for approximately % of global revenue.
On the production side, the report examines Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor output, growth rates, and market shares by manufacturer and by region (at regional and country level) for 2021-2026, with forecasts through 2032.
On the consumption side, the report analyzes sales of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor by region (regional and country level), company, type, and application for 2021-2026 and provides forecasts through 2032.
The report provides an overview of the global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market in terms of capacity, output, revenue, and price, analyzing global market trends using historical revenue and sales data for 2021-2025, estimates for 2026, and projected CAGRs through 2032.
The study covers key producers of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor and consumption patterns in major regions and countries, assesses future market potential, and highlights priority regions and countries for segmenting the market into sub-sectors, with country-specific market value data for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, the Middle East, Africa, and other countries.
The report also presents Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor sales, revenue, market share, and industry ranking for the main manufacturers for 2021-2026, identifies the major stakeholders in the global market, and analyzes their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues.
In addition, the report analyzes segment data by type and application—covering sales, revenue, and price—for 2021-2032, and evaluates and forecasts the Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market size, projected growth trends, production technologies, key applications, and end-use industries.
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Segment by Company
Analog Devices
Autoliv
Allegro Microsystems
Bourns
Continental
Delphi Automotive
Denso
Elmos Semiconductor
General Electric
Infineon Technologies
NXP Semiconductors
Bosch
Sensata Technologies
Stoneridge
STMicroelectronics
TE Connectivity
Joyson Safety Systems
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Segment by Type
Pressure Sensor
Temperature Sensor
Position Sensor
Speed Sensor
Level Sensor
Inertial Sensor
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Segment by Application
Passenger Cars
Commercial Cars
Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Segment by Region
North America
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe
Germany
France
U.K.
Italy
Russia
Spain
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Poland
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
South Korea
India
Australia
Taiwan
Southeast Asia
South America
Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Middle East & Africa
Egypt
South Africa
Israel
Türkiye
GCC Countries
Study Objectives
1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.
2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.
3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.
4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.
5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.
6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.
Reasons to Buy This Report
1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.
3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.
4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.
5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.
6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor.
7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, production value, capacity, and average price forecasts (2021-2032).
Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor industry.
Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor market competition landscape. Including Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor manufacturers' output value, output and average price from 2021 to 2026, as well as competition analysis indicators such as origin, product type, application, merger and acquisition information, etc.
Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 6: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 7: Production/Production Value of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor by region. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.
Chapter 8: Consumption of Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.
Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.
Chapter 10: Concluding Insights of the report.
More report detail
Tables and figures
Scope & coverage.
Types
- Pressure Sensor
- Temperature Sensor
- Position Sensor
- Speed Sensor
- Level Sensor
- Inertial Sensor
Applications
- Passenger Cars
- Commercial Cars
Companies covered
- Analog Devices
- Autoliv
- Allegro Microsystems
- Bourns
- Continental
- Delphi Automotive
- Denso
- Elmos Semiconductor
- General Electric
- Infineon Technologies
- NXP Semiconductors
- Bosch
- Sensata Technologies
- Stoneridge
- STMicroelectronics
- TE Connectivity
- Joyson Safety Systems
Inside the report.
1 Market Overview
- 1.1 Product Definition
- 1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
- 1.2.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 1.2.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 1.2.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
- 1.2.4 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market Average Price (2021-2032)
- 1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
- 1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market Dynamics
- 2.1 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Industry Trends
- 2.2 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Industry Drivers
- 2.3 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Industry Opportunities and Challenges
- 2.4 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Industry Restraints
3 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market by Manufacturers
- 3.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 3.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 3.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Average Price by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
- 3.4 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Industry Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
- 3.5 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
- 3.6 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
- 3.7 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Manufacturers Established Date
- 3.8 Market Competitive Analysis
- 3.8.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market CR5 and HHI
- 3.8.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Players Market Share by Production Value in 2025
- 3.8.3 2025 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
4 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market by Type
- 4.1 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Type Introduction
- 4.1.1 Pressure Sensor
- 4.1.2 Temperature Sensor
- 4.1.3 Position Sensor
- 4.1.4 Speed Sensor
- 4.1.5 Level Sensor
- 4.1.6 Inertial Sensor
- 4.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Type
- 4.2.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 4.2.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Type (2021-2032)
- 4.2.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
- 4.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Type
- 4.3.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 4.3.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Type (2021-2032)
- 4.3.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
5 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market by Application
- 5.1 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Application Introduction
- 5.1.1 Passenger Cars
- 5.1.2 Commercial Cars
- 5.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Application
- 5.2.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 5.2.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Application (2021-2032)
- 5.2.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
- 5.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Application
- 5.3.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
- 5.3.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Application (2021-2032)
- 5.3.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
6 Company Profiles
- 6.1 Analog Devices
- 6.1.1 Analog Devices Company Information
- 6.1.2 Analog Devices Business Overview
- 6.1.3 Analog Devices Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.1.4 Analog Devices Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.1.5 Analog Devices Recent Developments
- 6.2 Autoliv
- 6.2.1 Autoliv Company Information
- 6.2.2 Autoliv Business Overview
- 6.2.3 Autoliv Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.2.4 Autoliv Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.2.5 Autoliv Recent Developments
- 6.3 Allegro Microsystems
- 6.3.1 Allegro Microsystems Company Information
- 6.3.2 Allegro Microsystems Business Overview
- 6.3.3 Allegro Microsystems Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.3.4 Allegro Microsystems Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.3.5 Allegro Microsystems Recent Developments
- 6.4 Bourns
- 6.4.1 Bourns Company Information
- 6.4.2 Bourns Business Overview
- 6.4.3 Bourns Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.4.4 Bourns Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.4.5 Bourns Recent Developments
- 6.5 Continental
- 6.5.1 Continental Company Information
- 6.5.2 Continental Business Overview
- 6.5.3 Continental Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.5.4 Continental Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.5.5 Continental Recent Developments
- 6.6 Delphi Automotive
- 6.6.1 Delphi Automotive Company Information
- 6.6.2 Delphi Automotive Business Overview
- 6.6.3 Delphi Automotive Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.6.4 Delphi Automotive Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.6.5 Delphi Automotive Recent Developments
- 6.7 Denso
- 6.7.1 Denso Company Information
- 6.7.2 Denso Business Overview
- 6.7.3 Denso Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.7.4 Denso Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.7.5 Denso Recent Developments
- 6.8 Elmos Semiconductor
- 6.8.1 Elmos Semiconductor Company Information
- 6.8.2 Elmos Semiconductor Business Overview
- 6.8.3 Elmos Semiconductor Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.8.4 Elmos Semiconductor Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.8.5 Elmos Semiconductor Recent Developments
- 6.9 General Electric
- 6.9.1 General Electric Company Information
- 6.9.2 General Electric Business Overview
- 6.9.3 General Electric Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.9.4 General Electric Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.9.5 General Electric Recent Developments
- 6.10 Infineon Technologies
- 6.10.1 Infineon Technologies Company Information
- 6.10.2 Infineon Technologies Business Overview
- 6.10.3 Infineon Technologies Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.10.4 Infineon Technologies Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.10.5 Infineon Technologies Recent Developments
- 6.11 NXP Semiconductors
- 6.11.1 NXP Semiconductors Company Information
- 6.11.2 NXP Semiconductors Business Overview
- 6.11.3 NXP Semiconductors Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.11.4 NXP Semiconductors Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.11.5 NXP Semiconductors Recent Developments
- 6.12 Bosch
- 6.12.1 Bosch Company Information
- 6.12.2 Bosch Business Overview
- 6.12.3 Bosch Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.12.4 Bosch Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.12.5 Bosch Recent Developments
- 6.13 Sensata Technologies
- 6.13.1 Sensata Technologies Company Information
- 6.13.2 Sensata Technologies Business Overview
- 6.13.3 Sensata Technologies Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.13.4 Sensata Technologies Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.13.5 Sensata Technologies Recent Developments
- 6.14 Stoneridge
- 6.14.1 Stoneridge Company Information
- 6.14.2 Stoneridge Business Overview
- 6.14.3 Stoneridge Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.14.4 Stoneridge Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.14.5 Stoneridge Recent Developments
- 6.15 STMicroelectronics
- 6.15.1 STMicroelectronics Company Information
- 6.15.2 STMicroelectronics Business Overview
- 6.15.3 STMicroelectronics Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.15.4 STMicroelectronics Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.15.5 STMicroelectronics Recent Developments
- 6.16 TE Connectivity
- 6.16.1 TE Connectivity Company Information
- 6.16.2 TE Connectivity Business Overview
- 6.16.3 TE Connectivity Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.16.4 TE Connectivity Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.16.5 TE Connectivity Recent Developments
- 6.17 Joyson Safety Systems
- 6.17.1 Joyson Safety Systems Company Information
- 6.17.2 Joyson Safety Systems Business Overview
- 6.17.3 Joyson Safety Systems Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
- 6.17.4 Joyson Safety Systems Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Product Portfolio
- 6.17.5 Joyson Safety Systems Recent Developments
7 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Region
- 7.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 7.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Region (2021-2032)
- 7.2.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Region (2021-2026)
- 7.2.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
- 7.3 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 7.4 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Region (2021-2032)
- 7.4.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Region (2021-2026)
- 7.4.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value by Region (2027-2032)
- 7.5 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Market Price Analysis by Region (2021-2032)
- 7.6 Regional Production Value Trends (2021-2032)
- 7.6.1 North America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value (2021-2032)
- 7.6.2 Europe Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value (2021-2032)
- 7.6.3 Asia-Pacific Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value (2021-2032)
- 7.6.4 South America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value (2021-2032)
- 7.6.5 Middle East & Africa Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Value (2021-2032)
8 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Region
- 8.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Region (2021-2032)
- 8.2.1 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Region (2021-2026)
- 8.2.2 Global Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Region (2027-2032)
- 8.3 North America
- 8.3.1 North America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.3.2 North America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.3.3 U.S.
- 8.3.4 Canada
- 8.3.5 Mexico
- 8.4 Europe
- 8.4.1 Europe Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.4.2 Europe Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.4.3 Germany
- 8.4.4 France
- 8.4.5 U.K.
- 8.4.6 Italy
- 8.4.7 Netherlands
- 8.5 Asia Pacific
- 8.5.1 Asia Pacific Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.5.2 Asia Pacific Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.5.3 China
- 8.5.4 Japan
- 8.5.5 South Korea
- 8.5.6 Southeast Asia
- 8.5.7 India
- 8.5.8 Australia
- 8.6 South America
- 8.6.1 South America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.6.2 South America Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.6.3 Brazil
- 8.6.4 Argentina
- 8.6.5 Chile
- 8.6.6 Colombia
- 8.7 Middle East & Africa
- 8.7.1 Middle East & Africa Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
- 8.7.2 Middle East & Africa Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
- 8.7.3 Egypt
- 8.7.4 South Africa
- 8.7.5 Israel
- 8.7.6 Türkiye
- 8.7.7 GCC Countries
9 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
- 9.1 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Value Chain Analysis
- 9.1.1 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Key Raw Materials
- 9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
- 9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
- 9.1.4 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Production Mode & Process
- 9.2 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Sales Channels Analysis
- 9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
- 9.2.2 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Distributors
- 9.2.3 Auto MEMS Pressure Sensor Customers
10 Concluding Insights
11 Appendix
- 11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
- 11.2 Research Methodology
- 11.3 Research Process
- 11.4 Authors List of This Report
- 11.5 Data Source
- 11.5.1 Secondary Sources
- 11.5.2 Primary Sources
- 11.6 Disclaimer
GET THE RESEARCH
Choose your license.
Choose who needs access.
All options are for this report and research series.
PDF by email within 3–5 working days after payment confirmation.
Talk to an analyst