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APO RESEARCH · REPORT

Roofing Underlying Materials

A roofing underlying materials is the layer of waterproofing material that goes on your roof. It’s laid under the shingles or roofing materials as the last line of defense against inclement weather. More commonly known as “felt paper,” roof underlayment is mainly a roll of paper or fiberglass that is covered by asphalt and other waterproofing materials.

Product & engineering

Understand the product.

A roofing underlying materials is the layer of waterproofing material that goes on your roof. It’s laid under the shingles or roofing materials as the last line of defense against inclement weather. More commonly known as “felt paper,” roof underlayment is mainly a roll of paper or fiberglass that is covered by asphalt and other waterproofing materials.

Asphalt is basically residue that’s left over from the processing of crude oil. With the price of oil rising, many companies have developed refining techniques meant to extract the maximum amount of high quality from the crude. Included in these techniques is coker units which results in a residue of powder rather than the sludge that produces asphalt. With less asphalt being produced, an allocation system has been set up where there is a limited amount of asphalt allocated to manufacturers annually. Because of this, most manufacturers began phasing out asphalt-saturated underlayment for synthetic underlayment.

Rubberized or modified asphalt underlayment often comes with a selvedge edge along one side of each roll. That selvedge edge is designed to create a strong, watertight seal along the edges where rolls overlap. The selvedge edge should always be along the top edge when the underlayment is installed in courses across a roof.

Synthetic, or non-bitumen, underlayment encompasses all the other available materials made from a range of polymers. As such, these materials can have widely varying properties. Some synthetics are designed to resist heat much better than their asphalt based counterparts, for example. These would be good choices for a metal roof installation, where heat is a major issue, but not nearly as useful for asphalt shingle installations.

Selected research

Market Structure

Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market by Size, by Type, by Application, by Region, History and Forecast 2021-2032

Market perspective

A roofing underlying materials is the layer of waterproofing material that goes on your roof. It’s laid under the shingles or roofing materials as the last line of defense against inclement weather. More commonly known as “felt paper,” roof underlayment is mainly a roll of paper or fiberglass that is covered by asphalt and other waterproofing materials.

Asphalt is basically residue that’s left over from the processing of crude oil. With the price of oil rising, many companies have developed refining techniques meant to extract the maximum amount of high quality from the crude. Included in these techniques is coker units which results in a residue of powder rather than the sludge that produces asphalt. With less asphalt being produced, an allocation system has been set up where there is a limited amount of asphalt allocated to manufacturers annually. Because of this, most manufacturers began phasing out asphalt-saturated underlayment for synthetic underlayment.

Rubberized or modified asphalt underlayment often comes with a selvedge edge along one side of each roll. That selvedge edge is designed to create a strong, watertight seal along the edges where rolls overlap. The selvedge edge should always be along the top edge when the underlayment is installed in courses across a roof.

Read the full market overview

Synthetic, or non-bitumen, underlayment encompasses all the other available materials made from a range of polymers. As such, these materials can have widely varying properties. Some synthetics are designed to resist heat much better than their asphalt based counterparts, for example. These would be good choices for a metal roof installation, where heat is a major issue, but not nearly as useful for asphalt shingle installations.

In the highly fragmented global roofing underlying materials market, the top five companies collectively held a meagre 20% of the overall market valuation. GAF, DuPont and Carlisle dominated the market, with accounted for 5%, 4.8%, 4% of the Roofing Underlying Materials market share, respectively.

The residential segment is currently the biggest contributor to the global market for roofing underlying materials. The residential segment accounted for a market share of almost 58% in the international market. In terms of product type, the segment of Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying accounted for a share of over 49% in terms of revenue in the global market.

Asia-Pacific is the largest consumption region of roofing underlying materials, with a consumption market share nearly 50%. The second place is Americas; following Asia-Pacific with the consumption market share 25%. Europe's market share is slightly smaller than Americas.

The report provides an overview of the global Roofing Underlying Materials market in terms of capacity, output, revenue, and price, analyzing global market trends using historical revenue and sales data for 2021-2025, estimates for 2026, and projected CAGRs through 2032.

The study covers key producers of Roofing Underlying Materials and consumption patterns in major regions and countries, assesses future market potential, and highlights priority regions and countries for segmenting the market into sub-sectors, with country-specific market value data for the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Germany, the U.K., Italy, the Middle East, Africa, and other countries.

The report also presents Roofing Underlying Materials sales, revenue, market share, and industry ranking for the main manufacturers for 2021-2026, identifies the major stakeholders in the global market, and analyzes their competitive landscape and market positioning based on recent developments and segmental revenues.

In addition, the report analyzes segment data by type and application—covering sales, revenue, and price—for 2021-2032, and evaluates and forecasts the Roofing Underlying Materials market size, projected growth trends, production technologies, key applications, and end-use industries.

Roofing Underlying Materials Segment by Company

GAF

DuPont

Carlisle

Soprema Group

Renolit

Sika

CertainTeed

Oriental Yuhong

Owens Corning

TehnoNICOL

Atlas Roofing

Hongyuan Waterproof

Fosroc

CKS

Joaboa Technology

TAMKO Building Products

Bauder

Jianguo Weiye Waterproof

Hangzhou Jinwu

Yuhong Waterproof

Polyglass

Yuwang Group

IKO Industries

Roofing Underlying Materials Segment by Type

Asphalt-Saturated Felt Roofing Underlying

Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying

Non-Bitumen Synthetic Roofing Underlying

Roofing Underlying Materials Segment by Application

Residential

Non-Residential

Roofing Underlying Materials Segment by Region

North America

United States

Canada

Mexico

Europe

Germany

France

U.K.

Italy

Russia

Spain

Netherlands

Switzerland

Sweden

Poland

Asia-Pacific

China

Japan

South Korea

India

Australia

Taiwan

Southeast Asia

South America

Brazil

Argentina

Chile

Middle East & Africa

Egypt

South Africa

Israel

Türkiye

GCC Countries

Study Objectives

1. To analyze and research the global status and future forecast, involving, production, value, consumption, growth rate (CAGR), market share, historical and forecast.

2. To present the key manufacturers, capacity, production, revenue, market share, and Recent Developments.

3. To split the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers, and Application.

4. To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints, and risks.

5. To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.

6. To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

Reasons to Buy This Report

1. This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Roofing Underlying Materials market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.

2. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Roofing Underlying Materials and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

3. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition.

4. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market.

5. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally.

6. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Roofing Underlying Materials.

7. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution.

Chapter Outline

Chapter 1: Provides an overview of the Roofing Underlying Materials market, including product definition, global market growth prospects, production value, capacity, and average price forecasts (2021-2032).

Chapter 2: Analysis key trends, drivers, challenges, and opportunities within the global Roofing Underlying Materials industry.

Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Roofing Underlying Materials market competition landscape. Including Roofing Underlying Materials manufacturers' output value, output and average price from 2021 to 2026, as well as competition analysis indicators such as origin, product type, application, merger and acquisition information, etc.

Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.

Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.

Chapter 6: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product production/output, value, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc.

Chapter 7: Production/Production Value of Roofing Underlying Materials by region. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next six years.

Chapter 8: Consumption of Roofing Underlying Materials in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and production of each country in the world.

Chapter 9: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry.

Chapter 10: Concluding Insights of the report.

More report detail

Tables and figures
List of Tables Table 1. Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Trends Table 2. Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Drivers Table 3. Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Opportunities and Challenges Table 4. Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Restraints Table 5. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Manufacturers (US$ Million) & (2021-2026) Table 6. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Manufacturers (2021-2026) Table 7. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Manufacturers (K t) & (2021-2026) Table 8. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Manufacturers Table 9. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Average Price (USD/t) of Manufacturers (2021-2026) Table 10. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026 Table 11. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters Table 12. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Manufacturers, Product Type & Application Table 13. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Manufacturers Established Date Table 14. Global Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 15. Global Roofing Underlying Materials by Manufacturers Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Production Value of 2025) Table 16. Major Manufacturers of Asphalt-Saturated Felt Roofing Underlying Table 17. Major Manufacturers of Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying Table 18. Major Manufacturers of Non-Bitumen Synthetic Roofing Underlying Table 19. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 20. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 21. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 22. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Type (2021-2026) Table 23. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Type (2027-2032) Table 24. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 25. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 26. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 27. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Type (2021-2026) Table 28. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Type (2027-2032) Table 29. Major Manufacturers of Residential Table 30. Major Manufacturers of Non-Residential Table 31. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 32. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 33. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 34. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Application (2021-2026) Table 35. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Application (2027-2032) Table 36. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 37. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 38. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 39. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Application (2021-2026) Table 40. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Application (2027-2032) Table 41. GAF Company Information Table 42. GAF Business Overview Table 43. GAF Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 44. GAF Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 45. GAF Recent Development Table 46. DuPont Company Information Table 47. DuPont Business Overview Table 48. DuPont Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 49. DuPont Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 50. DuPont Recent Development Table 51. Carlisle Company Information Table 52. Carlisle Business Overview Table 53. Carlisle Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 54. Carlisle Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 55. Carlisle Recent Development Table 56. Soprema Group Company Information Table 57. Soprema Group Business Overview Table 58. Soprema Group Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 59. Soprema Group Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 60. Soprema Group Recent Development Table 61. Renolit Company Information Table 62. Renolit Business Overview Table 63. Renolit Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 64. Renolit Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 65. Renolit Recent Development Table 66. Sika Company Information Table 67. Sika Business Overview Table 68. Sika Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 69. Sika Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 70. Sika Recent Development Table 71. CertainTeed Company Information Table 72. CertainTeed Business Overview Table 73. CertainTeed Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 74. CertainTeed Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 75. CertainTeed Recent Development Table 76. Oriental Yuhong Company Information Table 77. Oriental Yuhong Business Overview Table 78. Oriental Yuhong Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 79. Oriental Yuhong Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 80. Oriental Yuhong Recent Development Table 81. Owens Corning Company Information Table 82. Owens Corning Business Overview Table 83. Owens Corning Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 84. Owens Corning Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 85. Owens Corning Recent Development Table 86. TehnoNICOL Company Information Table 87. TehnoNICOL Business Overview Table 88. TehnoNICOL Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 89. TehnoNICOL Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 90. TehnoNICOL Recent Development Table 91. Atlas Roofing Company Information Table 92. Atlas Roofing Business Overview Table 93. Atlas Roofing Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 94. Atlas Roofing Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 95. Atlas Roofing Recent Development Table 96. Hongyuan Waterproof Company Information Table 97. Hongyuan Waterproof Business Overview Table 98. Hongyuan Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 99. Hongyuan Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 100. Hongyuan Waterproof Recent Development Table 101. Fosroc Company Information Table 102. Fosroc Business Overview Table 103. Fosroc Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 104. Fosroc Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 105. Fosroc Recent Development Table 106. CKS Company Information Table 107. CKS Business Overview Table 108. CKS Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 109. CKS Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 110. CKS Recent Development Table 111. Joaboa Technology Company Information Table 112. Joaboa Technology Business Overview Table 113. Joaboa Technology Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 114. Joaboa Technology Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 115. Joaboa Technology Recent Development Table 116. TAMKO Building Products Company Information Table 117. TAMKO Building Products Business Overview Table 118. TAMKO Building Products Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 119. TAMKO Building Products Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 120. TAMKO Building Products Recent Development Table 121. Bauder Company Information Table 122. Bauder Business Overview Table 123. Bauder Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 124. Bauder Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 125. Bauder Recent Development Table 126. Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Company Information Table 127. Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Business Overview Table 128. Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 129. Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 130. Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Recent Development Table 131. Hangzhou Jinwu Company Information Table 132. Hangzhou Jinwu Business Overview Table 133. Hangzhou Jinwu Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 134. Hangzhou Jinwu Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 135. Hangzhou Jinwu Recent Development Table 136. Yuhong Waterproof Company Information Table 137. Yuhong Waterproof Business Overview Table 138. Yuhong Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 139. Yuhong Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 140. Yuhong Waterproof Recent Development Table 141. Polyglass Company Information Table 142. Polyglass Business Overview Table 143. Polyglass Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 144. Polyglass Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 145. Polyglass Recent Development Table 146. Yuwang Group Company Information Table 147. Yuwang Group Business Overview Table 148. Yuwang Group Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 149. Yuwang Group Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 150. Yuwang Group Recent Development Table 151. IKO Industries Company Information Table 152. IKO Industries Business Overview Table 153. IKO Industries Roofing Underlying Materials Production (K t), Value (US$ Million), Price (USD/t) and Gross Margin (2021-2026) Table 154. IKO Industries Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio Table 155. IKO Industries Recent Development Table 156. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 157. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 158. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Region (2021-2026) Table 159. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Forecast by Region (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 160. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2027-2032) Table 161. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Comparison by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Table 162. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Region (2021-2026) & (US$ Million) Table 163. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Region (2021-2026) Table 164. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Region (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 165. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Region: (2027-2032) & (US$ Million) Table 166. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market Average Price (USD/t) by Region (2021-2026) Table 167. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market Average Price (USD/t) by Region (2027-2032) Table 168. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 169. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 170. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Region (2021-2026) Table 171. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Forecasted by Region (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 172. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Forecasted Market Share by Region (2027-2032) Table 173. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 174. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 175. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 176. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 177. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 178. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 179. Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 180. Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 181. Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 182. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 183. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 184. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 185. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Table 186. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2026) & (K t) Table 187. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2027-2032) & (K t) Table 188. Key Raw Materials Table 189. Raw Materials Key Suppliers Table 190. Roofing Underlying Materials Distributors List Table 191. Roofing Underlying Materials Customers List Table 192. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 193. Authors List of This Report Table 194. Secondary Sources Table 195. Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Roofing Underlying Materials Product Image Figure 2. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (US$ Million), 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 3. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 4. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Capacity (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 5. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 6. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Average Price (USD/t) & (2021-2032) Figure 7. Global Top 5 and 10 Roofing Underlying Materials Players Market Share by Production Value in 2025 Figure 8. Manufacturers Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2021 VS 2025 Figure 9. Asphalt-Saturated Felt Roofing Underlying Image Figure 10. Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying Image Figure 11. Non-Bitumen Synthetic Roofing Underlying Image Figure 12. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (K t) Figure 13. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 14. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Type (2021-2032) Figure 15. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (K t) Figure 16. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 17. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Type (2021-2032) Figure 18. Residential Image Figure 19. Non-Residential Image Figure 20. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (K t) Figure 21. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 22. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Application (2021-2032) Figure 23. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (K t) Figure 24. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 25. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Application (2021-2032) Figure 26. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (K t) Figure 27. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 28. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Comparison by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 (US$ Million) Figure 29. Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Share by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032 Figure 30. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Asia-Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032) & (US$ Million) Figure 35. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 36. North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Country (2021-2032) Figure 37. U.S. Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 38. Canada Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 39. Mexico Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 40. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 41. Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Country (2021-2032) Figure 42. Germany Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 43. France Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 44. U.K. Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 45. Italy Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 46. Netherlands Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 47. Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 48. Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Country (2021-2032) Figure 49. China Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 50. Japan Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 51. South Korea Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 52. Southeast Asia Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 53. India Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 54. Australia Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 55. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 56. South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Country (2021-2032) Figure 57. Brazil Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 58. Argentina Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 59. Chile Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 60. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 61. Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Market Share by Country (2021-2032) Figure 62. Egypt Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 63. South Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 64. Israel Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 65. Türkiye Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 66. GCC Countries Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption and Growth Rate (2021-2032) & (K t) Figure 67. Roofing Underlying Materials Value Chain Figure 68. Manufacturing Cost Structure Figure 69. Roofing Underlying Materials Production Mode & Process Figure 70. Direct Comparison with Distribution Share Figure 71. Distributors Profiles Figure 72. Years Considered Figure 73. Research Process Figure 74. Key Executives Interviewed

Scope & coverage.

Types
  • Asphalt-Saturated Felt Roofing Underlying
  • Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying
  • Non-Bitumen Synthetic Roofing Underlying
Applications
  • Residential
  • Non-Residential
Companies covered
  • GAF
  • DuPont
  • Carlisle
  • Soprema Group
  • Renolit
  • Sika
  • CertainTeed
  • Oriental Yuhong
  • Owens Corning
  • TehnoNICOL
  • Atlas Roofing
  • Hongyuan Waterproof
  • Fosroc
  • CKS
  • Joaboa Technology
  • TAMKO Building Products
  • Bauder
  • Jianguo Weiye Waterproof
  • Hangzhou Jinwu
  • Yuhong Waterproof
  • Polyglass
  • Yuwang Group
  • IKO Industries

Inside the report.

1 Market Overview
  1. 1.1 Product Definition
  2. 1.2 Global Market Growth Prospects
  3. 1.2.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
  4. 1.2.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
  5. 1.2.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Estimates and Forecasts (2021-2032)
  6. 1.2.4 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market Average Price (2021-2032)
  7. 1.3 Assumptions and Limitations
  8. 1.4 Study Goals and Objectives
2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market Dynamics
  1. 2.1 Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Trends
  2. 2.2 Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Drivers
  3. 2.3 Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Opportunities and Challenges
  4. 2.4 Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Restraints
3 Roofing Underlying Materials Market by Manufacturers
  1. 3.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
  2. 3.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
  3. 3.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Average Price by Manufacturers (2021-2026)
  4. 3.4 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Industry Manufacturers Ranking, 2024 VS 2025 VS 2026
  5. 3.5 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Key Manufacturers Manufacturing Sites & Headquarters
  6. 3.6 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Manufacturers, Product Type & Application
  7. 3.7 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Manufacturers Established Date
  8. 3.8 Market Competitive Analysis
  9. 3.8.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market CR5 and HHI
  10. 3.8.2 Global Top 5 and 10 Roofing Underlying Materials Players Market Share by Production Value in 2025
  11. 3.8.3 2025 Roofing Underlying Materials Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3
4 Roofing Underlying Materials Market by Type
  1. 4.1 Roofing Underlying Materials Type Introduction
  2. 4.1.1 Asphalt-Saturated Felt Roofing Underlying
  3. 4.1.2 Modified Asphalt Roofing Underlying
  4. 4.1.3 Non-Bitumen Synthetic Roofing Underlying
  5. 4.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type
  6. 4.2.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  7. 4.2.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Type (2021-2032)
  8. 4.2.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
  9. 4.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type
  10. 4.3.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  11. 4.3.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Type (2021-2032)
  12. 4.3.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Type (2021-2032)
5 Roofing Underlying Materials Market by Application
  1. 5.1 Roofing Underlying Materials Application Introduction
  2. 5.1.1 Residential
  3. 5.1.2 Non-Residential
  4. 5.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application
  5. 5.2.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  6. 5.2.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Application (2021-2032)
  7. 5.2.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
  8. 5.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application
  9. 5.3.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  10. 5.3.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Application (2021-2032)
  11. 5.3.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value Market Share by Application (2021-2032)
6 Company Profiles
  1. 6.1 GAF
  2. 6.1.1 GAF Company Information
  3. 6.1.2 GAF Business Overview
  4. 6.1.3 GAF Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  5. 6.1.4 GAF Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  6. 6.1.5 GAF Recent Developments
  7. 6.2 DuPont
  8. 6.2.1 DuPont Company Information
  9. 6.2.2 DuPont Business Overview
  10. 6.2.3 DuPont Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  11. 6.2.4 DuPont Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  12. 6.2.5 DuPont Recent Developments
  13. 6.3 Carlisle
  14. 6.3.1 Carlisle Company Information
  15. 6.3.2 Carlisle Business Overview
  16. 6.3.3 Carlisle Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  17. 6.3.4 Carlisle Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  18. 6.3.5 Carlisle Recent Developments
  19. 6.4 Soprema Group
  20. 6.4.1 Soprema Group Company Information
  21. 6.4.2 Soprema Group Business Overview
  22. 6.4.3 Soprema Group Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  23. 6.4.4 Soprema Group Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  24. 6.4.5 Soprema Group Recent Developments
  25. 6.5 Renolit
  26. 6.5.1 Renolit Company Information
  27. 6.5.2 Renolit Business Overview
  28. 6.5.3 Renolit Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  29. 6.5.4 Renolit Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  30. 6.5.5 Renolit Recent Developments
  31. 6.6 Sika
  32. 6.6.1 Sika Company Information
  33. 6.6.2 Sika Business Overview
  34. 6.6.3 Sika Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  35. 6.6.4 Sika Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  36. 6.6.5 Sika Recent Developments
  37. 6.7 CertainTeed
  38. 6.7.1 CertainTeed Company Information
  39. 6.7.2 CertainTeed Business Overview
  40. 6.7.3 CertainTeed Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  41. 6.7.4 CertainTeed Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  42. 6.7.5 CertainTeed Recent Developments
  43. 6.8 Oriental Yuhong
  44. 6.8.1 Oriental Yuhong Company Information
  45. 6.8.2 Oriental Yuhong Business Overview
  46. 6.8.3 Oriental Yuhong Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  47. 6.8.4 Oriental Yuhong Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  48. 6.8.5 Oriental Yuhong Recent Developments
  49. 6.9 Owens Corning
  50. 6.9.1 Owens Corning Company Information
  51. 6.9.2 Owens Corning Business Overview
  52. 6.9.3 Owens Corning Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  53. 6.9.4 Owens Corning Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  54. 6.9.5 Owens Corning Recent Developments
  55. 6.10 TehnoNICOL
  56. 6.10.1 TehnoNICOL Company Information
  57. 6.10.2 TehnoNICOL Business Overview
  58. 6.10.3 TehnoNICOL Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  59. 6.10.4 TehnoNICOL Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  60. 6.10.5 TehnoNICOL Recent Developments
  61. 6.11 Atlas Roofing
  62. 6.11.1 Atlas Roofing Company Information
  63. 6.11.2 Atlas Roofing Business Overview
  64. 6.11.3 Atlas Roofing Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  65. 6.11.4 Atlas Roofing Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  66. 6.11.5 Atlas Roofing Recent Developments
  67. 6.12 Hongyuan Waterproof
  68. 6.12.1 Hongyuan Waterproof Company Information
  69. 6.12.2 Hongyuan Waterproof Business Overview
  70. 6.12.3 Hongyuan Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  71. 6.12.4 Hongyuan Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  72. 6.12.5 Hongyuan Waterproof Recent Developments
  73. 6.13 Fosroc
  74. 6.13.1 Fosroc Company Information
  75. 6.13.2 Fosroc Business Overview
  76. 6.13.3 Fosroc Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  77. 6.13.4 Fosroc Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  78. 6.13.5 Fosroc Recent Developments
  79. 6.14 CKS
  80. 6.14.1 CKS Company Information
  81. 6.14.2 CKS Business Overview
  82. 6.14.3 CKS Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  83. 6.14.4 CKS Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  84. 6.14.5 CKS Recent Developments
  85. 6.15 Joaboa Technology
  86. 6.15.1 Joaboa Technology Company Information
  87. 6.15.2 Joaboa Technology Business Overview
  88. 6.15.3 Joaboa Technology Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  89. 6.15.4 Joaboa Technology Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  90. 6.15.5 Joaboa Technology Recent Developments
  91. 6.16 TAMKO Building Products
  92. 6.16.1 TAMKO Building Products Company Information
  93. 6.16.2 TAMKO Building Products Business Overview
  94. 6.16.3 TAMKO Building Products Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  95. 6.16.4 TAMKO Building Products Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  96. 6.16.5 TAMKO Building Products Recent Developments
  97. 6.17 Bauder
  98. 6.17.1 Bauder Company Information
  99. 6.17.2 Bauder Business Overview
  100. 6.17.3 Bauder Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  101. 6.17.4 Bauder Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  102. 6.17.5 Bauder Recent Developments
  103. 6.18 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof
  104. 6.18.1 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Company Information
  105. 6.18.2 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Business Overview
  106. 6.18.3 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  107. 6.18.4 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  108. 6.18.5 Jianguo Weiye Waterproof Recent Developments
  109. 6.19 Hangzhou Jinwu
  110. 6.19.1 Hangzhou Jinwu Company Information
  111. 6.19.2 Hangzhou Jinwu Business Overview
  112. 6.19.3 Hangzhou Jinwu Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  113. 6.19.4 Hangzhou Jinwu Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  114. 6.19.5 Hangzhou Jinwu Recent Developments
  115. 6.20 Yuhong Waterproof
  116. 6.20.1 Yuhong Waterproof Company Information
  117. 6.20.2 Yuhong Waterproof Business Overview
  118. 6.20.3 Yuhong Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  119. 6.20.4 Yuhong Waterproof Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  120. 6.20.5 Yuhong Waterproof Recent Developments
  121. 6.21 Polyglass
  122. 6.21.1 Polyglass Company Information
  123. 6.21.2 Polyglass Business Overview
  124. 6.21.3 Polyglass Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  125. 6.21.4 Polyglass Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  126. 6.21.5 Polyglass Recent Developments
  127. 6.22 Yuwang Group
  128. 6.22.1 Yuwang Group Company Information
  129. 6.22.2 Yuwang Group Business Overview
  130. 6.22.3 Yuwang Group Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  131. 6.22.4 Yuwang Group Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  132. 6.22.5 Yuwang Group Recent Developments
  133. 6.23 IKO Industries
  134. 6.23.1 IKO Industries Company Information
  135. 6.23.2 IKO Industries Business Overview
  136. 6.23.3 IKO Industries Roofing Underlying Materials Production, Value and Gross Margin (2021-2026)
  137. 6.23.4 IKO Industries Roofing Underlying Materials Product Portfolio
  138. 6.23.5 IKO Industries Recent Developments
7 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region
  1. 7.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  2. 7.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region (2021-2032)
  3. 7.2.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region (2021-2026)
  4. 7.2.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  5. 7.3 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  6. 7.4 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Region (2021-2032)
  7. 7.4.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Region (2021-2026)
  8. 7.4.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value by Region (2027-2032)
  9. 7.5 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Market Price Analysis by Region (2021-2032)
  10. 7.6 Regional Production Value Trends (2021-2032)
  11. 7.6.1 North America Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032)
  12. 7.6.2 Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032)
  13. 7.6.3 Asia-Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032)
  14. 7.6.4 South America Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032)
  15. 7.6.5 Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Production Value (2021-2032)
8 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region
  1. 8.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  2. 8.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region (2021-2032)
  3. 8.2.1 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region (2021-2026)
  4. 8.2.2 Global Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Region (2027-2032)
  5. 8.3 North America
  6. 8.3.1 North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  7. 8.3.2 North America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
  8. 8.3.3 U.S.
  9. 8.3.4 Canada
  10. 8.3.5 Mexico
  11. 8.4 Europe
  12. 8.4.1 Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  13. 8.4.2 Europe Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
  14. 8.4.3 Germany
  15. 8.4.4 France
  16. 8.4.5 U.K.
  17. 8.4.6 Italy
  18. 8.4.7 Netherlands
  19. 8.5 Asia Pacific
  20. 8.5.1 Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  21. 8.5.2 Asia Pacific Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
  22. 8.5.3 China
  23. 8.5.4 Japan
  24. 8.5.5 South Korea
  25. 8.5.6 Southeast Asia
  26. 8.5.7 India
  27. 8.5.8 Australia
  28. 8.6 South America
  29. 8.6.1 South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  30. 8.6.2 South America Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
  31. 8.6.3 Brazil
  32. 8.6.4 Argentina
  33. 8.6.5 Chile
  34. 8.6.6 Colombia
  35. 8.7 Middle East & Africa
  36. 8.7.1 Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption Growth Rate by Country: 2021 VS 2025 VS 2032
  37. 8.7.2 Middle East & Africa Roofing Underlying Materials Consumption by Country (2021-2032)
  38. 8.7.3 Egypt
  39. 8.7.4 South Africa
  40. 8.7.5 Israel
  41. 8.7.6 Türkiye
  42. 8.7.7 GCC Countries
9 Value Chain and Sales Channels Analysis
  1. 9.1 Roofing Underlying Materials Value Chain Analysis
  2. 9.1.1 Roofing Underlying Materials Key Raw Materials
  3. 9.1.2 Raw Materials Key Suppliers
  4. 9.1.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure
  5. 9.1.4 Roofing Underlying Materials Production Mode & Process
  6. 9.2 Roofing Underlying Materials Sales Channels Analysis
  7. 9.2.1 Direct Comparison with Distribution Share
  8. 9.2.2 Roofing Underlying Materials Distributors
  9. 9.2.3 Roofing Underlying Materials Customers
10 Concluding Insights
    11 Appendix
    1. 11.1 Reasons for Doing This Study
    2. 11.2 Research Methodology
    3. 11.3 Research Process
    4. 11.4 Authors List of This Report
    5. 11.5 Data Source
    6. 11.5.1 Secondary Sources
    7. 11.5.2 Primary Sources
    8. 11.6 Disclaimer

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