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Silicon nitride bearing balls are precision ceramic rolling elements made from silicon nitride, normally expressed as Si₃N₄, and used in rolling element bearings where high hardness, low density, high elastic modulus, electrical insulation, thermal stability, and wear resistance are required. Compared with steel balls, silicon nitride balls have much lower mass, higher hardness, lower thermal expansion, better resistance to surface fatigue, and strong resistance to adhesive wear under high speed and poorly lubricated operating conditions. In bearing applications, silicon nitride balls are most commonly used in hybrid ceramic bearings, where the bearing rings are made from bearing steel or stainless steel and the rolling elements are silicon nitride ceramic balls. They may also be used in full ceramic bearings where both the rings and rolling elements are ceramic. Their main applications include electric motor bearings, machine tool spindle bearings, aerospace bearings, dental and medical equipment bearings, turbochargers, pumps, compressors, precision instruments, and other high speed, high temperature, electrically insulated, or low lubrication bearing systems.
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