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Joule Thomson cryocooler is a cryogenic refrigeration device that produces cooling by expanding a high pressure working fluid through a flow restriction under approximately constant enthalpy conditions. The pressurized fluid is precooled in a recuperative heat exchanger and then passes through an orifice, capillary tube, porous plug, or control valve, where its temperature decreases as a result of the Joule Thomson effect. The cooled fluid absorbs heat from the refrigerated load and returns through the heat exchanger to precool the incoming high pressure stream. Joule Thomson cryocoolers may operate in open cycle or closed cycle configurations and may use pure gases or mixed refrigerants selected for the required temperature range. Their principal characteristics include a stationary cold end, compact construction, low vibration, rapid cooldown potential, and suitability for infrared detectors, scientific instruments, liquefaction systems, space payloads, and other cryogenic applications.
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