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Fluorite (Fluorite), also known as Fluorite and Stones, is an ore with the composition of calcium fluoride (CaF2) and a cubic crystal structure. It is commonly found in a variety of colors, including colorless, purple, green, blue, and yellow. I has a low hardness, usually 4 (on the Mohs scale), and is therefore easily scratched. Fluorite ore contains a large amount of the element fluorine, which is widely used in the chemical industry, especially in the manufacture of chemicals such as hydrogen fluoride, aluminum fluoride, and sodium fluoride. It is also used to make optical devices and instruments such as optical lenses, lasers, and ultraviolet light sources, as well as in the manufacture of optical glass, optical fibers, photographic equipment, and laser cutters. Fluorite usually forms as a late crystallizing mineral in felsic igneous rocks through hydrothermal activity. It is particularly common in granitic pegmatites. It may occur as vein deposits formed through hydrothermal activity, especially in limestones. In such vein deposits it may be associated with galena, sphalerite, barite, quartz and calcite. Fluorite may also be used as a cementing material in granules or sandstones as a component of sedimentary rocks. According to the world fluorspar reserve data published by USGS in early 2024, the total world fluorspar reserve at the end of 2023 was about 280 million tons of calcium fluoride, an increase of about 20 million tons from the data published in early 2023. The global fluorspar resources are distributed in more than 40 countries, and the fluorspar resources are mainly concentrated in Mexico, China, South Africa, Mongolia, etc., accounting for about 61% of the global fluorspar reserves. And Japan, South Korea, India, the European Union, the United States almost less fluorspar resources reserves, the formation of structural scarcity. Mexico fluorspar reserves of 68 million metric tons, is the first largest reserves of fluorspar country, production ranks second. koura is the world's largest Mexican fluorspar producer, accounting for more than 14% of global production, 2022 koura owned and operated by the Mexican san luis potosi fluorspar mine due to safety issues resulting in a reduction in production. Mexico produces acid and metallurgical grade fluorspar concentrates, primarily from ore from the unique Las Cuevas deposit (San Luis Potosí). Most of the concentrate and hydrofluoric acid is exported, most of which is concentrate with a CaF2 content greater than 97%. Almost all of the concentrate and acid is supplied to the U.S., with 260,400 tons of acid-grade product, 57,900 tons of metallurgical-grade product, and 93,800 tons of hydrofluoric acid exported to the U.S. in 2021. China's fluorspar reserves of 49 million metric tons rank second in the world, accounting for 19% of the world's total reserves. China is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, etc. On June 14, 2023, China's Ministry of Natural Resources released the 2022 National Mineral Resources Reserves Statistics, which showed that China's ordinary fluorspar reserves of 85,920,600 tons, an increase of 27.8% compared with the year 2021, with an increment of more than 18,500,000 tons for two consecutive years. At present, China's single-type fluorspar mine proved available resources of about 80 million tons of mineral volume. In the total amount of identified resources, the average CaF2 grade of single fluorspar ore is about 35% to 40%, the rich ore with CaF2 grade more than 65% (can be directly used as metallurgical grade lump ore) accounts for only 20% of the total amount of single fluorspar deposits, and the high-grade rich ore with CaF2 grade more than 80% accounts for less than 10% of the total amount. South Africa's reserves of 41 million metric tons, ranking third in the world, accounting for 16% of the world's total reserves, deposits are mainly concentrated in the Transvaal and Northwest Province, and the burial is shallow. In South Africa, the main producer of fluorite is Vergenoeg Mining Company (Pty) Ltd., (a subsidiary of Minersa) which is developing the Vergenoeg open pit hematite-fluorite deposit (reserves of 122 million tons of ore, 22.5% CaF2, 50-60% Fe2O3). The company's current ore production capacity is approximately 400,000 tons per year of acid and metallurgical grade concentrates, with acid grades dominating (4:1). Acid products are mainly exported to the European Union and metallurgical products to the U.S. In 2021, the total amount of fluorspar concentrate supplied to the global market was 188,700 metric tons, of which 106,700 metric tons contained greater than 97% CaF2. Mongolia has the world's fourth largest reserves of 22 million metric tons, or 9% of the world's total, concentrated in the east-central provinces of Kent, Middle Gobi and East Gobi. Mongolia is the largest supplier of fluorspar to the world market, exporting mostly concentrates with ≤97% CaF2. In 2021, the country exported 644,700 tons of concentrate (a 5% decrease from 2020), accounting for 32.4% of the global supply of fluorspar concentrate. A relatively large producer in the country is the Bor-Undur mine (Bor-Undur), owned by state-owned Mongolrostsvetmet LLC, which until 2016 was a Mongolian-Russian company (51% of the authorized capital is owned by the Government of Mongolia and 49% by the Government of Russia). The company's structure consists of 2 underground mines and 2 open pits (with a total capacity of 55-60 million tons of ore per year), as well as an enrichment plant. The mined ore is used to produce FF-97, FF-95 grade flotation concentrates and FC-75 grade metallurgical concentrates. This report is statistically analyzed by Acid Fluorspar and Metallurgical Grade Fluorspar, where Acid Fluorspar CaF2 ≥ 97%; Metallurgical Grade Fluorspar (CaF2: 65% - 96%). According to APO Research, the production value of fluorite in China, Mexico, Mongolia, and South Africa is projected to grow significantly from 2023 to 2030, with China increasing from USD 2,423.37 million to USD 4,672.79 million (10.37% CAGR), Mexico from USD 377.40 million to USD 741.66 million (10.56% CAGR), Mongolia from USD 315.78 million to USD 571.94 million (9.45% CAGR), and South Africa from USD 184.51 million to USD 355.31 million (10.26% CAGR).
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