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A drug-coated balloon (DCB) is an angioplasty balloon catheter in which an antiproliferative drug is coated onto the balloon surface and delivered to the vessel wall during transient balloon inflation, providing a localized therapeutic effect while leaving no permanent implant behind. The coating is engineered to remain stable on the balloon during tracking and deployment, then rapidly transfer an effective dose into the arterial tissue upon inflation, with the drug retained in the vessel wall to suppress neointimal hyperplasia and reduce restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. In clinical use, DCB technology is applied across coronary and peripheral interventions, including femoropopliteal and below-the-knee vessels and selected dialysis-access lesions, and its performance is defined by the balance between deliverability, tissue drug transfer efficiency, and the control of downstream loss of coating material during the procedure.
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