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Digital Product Passports (DPP) are a set of product-specific, electronically accessible data sets via data carriers. They primarily collect and verify various types of green sustainability information related to the product's design, manufacturing, logistics, usage, and recycling. By linking a unique identifier through data carriers, DPPs prove the product's origin, identity, and sustainability level in cross-border trade and circulation. Essentially, they are tools for collecting and sharing product data throughout its entire lifecycle. To fully understand the DPP framework, it is important to comprehend the legislative hierarchy to which it is connected. At the top is the EU Green Deal, a package of policy initiatives aimed at reducing emissions by 55% by 2050. To support this, the European Commission introduced the Eco-design for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) to reshape how products are manufactured, distributed, and reintegrated into a circular economy. To promote the integration of digitalization and green development, the EU explicitly proposed the concept and requirements of the Digital Product Passport (DPP) in the March 2022 proposal of the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR). The DPP collects and verifies various types of green sustainability information related to the product's design, manufacturing, logistics, usage, and recycling. Just as passports verify nationality and identity during international travel, digital product passports support the verification of origin and identity in cross-border trade and circulation. The core of the digital product passport can be likened to addressing three critical "customs questions" in product trade: who are you (product identity information), where do you come from and where are you going (information about the manufacturer, upstream and downstream stakeholders, and end customers), and can you pass through customs (function, performance, and green sustainability information). Although DPP is a new digital paradigm and requirement proposed by the EU in the context of carbon neutrality and sustainability, it is fundamentally not an entirely new concept. As consumer demand has evolved from ensuring functionality to pursuing superior performance and now to achieving carbon neutrality, green high-quality development, the demand for product data information has also evolved. It has progressed from initial product manuals, anti-counterfeiting codes, and certification certificates to traceability marks, eventually developing into the current form of DPP that encompasses data for the entire product lifecycle. Its functional connotations have expanded from consumer information, product anti-counterfeiting, characteristic certification, and quality traceability to releasing the green high-quality efficiency of the product's entire lifecycle. Overall, DPP has gradually developed and evolved in response to the increasing digital and green synergies driven by both supply and demand sides. The overall requirements of DPP include: 1. Clarifying the mandatory nature of DPP, where key products of EU interest must obtain product passports authorized by appropriate legislation to enter the EU market. 2. Specifying the sectoral applicability of DPP, detailing the specific requirements of digital product passports for particular products. 3. Ensuring the validity of DPP, enabling stakeholders such as consumers, businesses, and governments to access necessary information through DPP for compliance verification and traceability. Textiles and batteries are the first sectors to be impacted. The EU is currently introducing digital product passports, including battery passports and textile passports. In the long term, the digital product passport scheme will apply to all products under the EU's new sustainable product eco-design regulations (ESPR). The textile industry is significantly affected by digital product passport regulations. The continuous growth in textile production and consumption has increased its impact on water and energy consumption and the environment. According to APO Research, global textile production almost doubled from 2000 to 2015. In the EU, textiles rank fourth in negative environmental and climate impact and third in negative water and land use impact. The battery passport is the first digital product passport in the EU. With the upgrade of digital regulation, the new EU battery law first proposed the concept of a battery passport. The electronics industry is the first sector selected for the EU digital product passport. The Battery Pass project, co-funded by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK), aims to implement the EU battery passport as mandated by battery regulations. The EU Battery Regulation and Waste Battery Regulation came into effect on August 17, 2023, and will be implemented from February 18, 2024. The battery regulation is the first European legislation to adopt a lifecycle approach. Starting in 2027, exporting power batteries to Europe will require compliance with the Digital Product Passports requirements. What is the timeline for the Digital Product Passport? The DPP rollout will be gradual, progressively encompassing more product categories, but there are several critical milestones ahead: July 2024: The Ecodesign for Sustainable Products (ESPR) legislation, which creates a framework for DPPs, is planned to be ratified into EU law after the final Parliament vote. December 2025: European standards organizations CEN/CLC/JTC24 will deliver harmonized standards for the DPP system. January 2026: The delegated act for textiles will be published, likely giving companies 18 months to comply (July 2027). April 2026: The delegated act for iron and steel products will follow, also with an 18-month compliance window (October 2027). February 2027: The Battery Passport regulation takes effect, requiring DPPs for all transport, industrial, and electric vehicle batteries placed on the EU market. Mid-2027: The textile and iron/steel rules enter into force, mandating all products in those categories carry a compliant Digital Product Passport. While this roadmap aims to have key sectors like textiles, metals, and batteries adopting DPPs by 2027, the implementation timeline remains ambitious and subject to change. Companies should closely monitor the development of delegated acts for their specific product categories and be prepared to integrate DPP compliance into their operations within the 18-month window. This report analyzes the global Digital Product Passports (DPP) market from several perspectives: the concept and definition of DPP, the development trends, the implementation of digital product passports, the exploration of DPP applications in key industries, relevant countermeasures and recommendations, and key participating companies.
