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Automotive thermal management is the integrated engineering and control of heat generation, transfer, storage and rejection within a vehicle in order to keep powertrain, energy storage, power electronics, auxiliary systems and the cabin within their specified temperature windows under all operating and ambient conditions. In modern vehicles this encompasses the architecture, components and control strategies of coolant and refrigerant circuits (radiators, condensers, evaporators, heaters, heat pumps, battery chillers and warmers, oil coolers, charge-air coolers, pumps, valves and lines), thermal interfaces (TIMs, cold plates, heat exchangers) and supervisory control algorithms that coordinate engine or motor waste heat, electric compressors, fans and active shutters. For internal combustion engine vehicles, automotive thermal management focuses on stabilizing engine and transmission temperatures, reducing friction and warm-up losses, and enabling emissions aftertreatment performance, while for hybrid and battery electric vehicles it additionally covers precise thermal conditioning of traction batteries and power electronics to ensure efficiency, durability, safety and fast charging performance, together with cabin climate control and overall energy optimization.
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